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times 7, plus we have 6 in the sulfur, and oxygen is right above sulfur, so that also has 6.
二乘上七，加上硫的六个，而氧在硫的正上方，因此也有六个。
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So, if we compare the sulfur to the oxygen, the oxygen it turns out is more electronegative and that is what holds the negative charge in this molecule.
因此，如果我们来比一下硫和氧，氧应该有更高的电负性,而在这个分子中它确实有负的电荷。
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So then, I could say that the average valence electron energy for oxygen would then be, I've got two s electrons.
所以，我可以说,氧的平均价电子能,就是，以我得到的两个s轨道的电子来算。
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Some of them have the capability of becoming red blood cells which carry oxygen in the blood.
一些能够成为红细胞,红细胞是血中携氧的细胞
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So suppose,gruesome as it was,this weekend I'm in some horrible accident and my torso gets destroyed and they keep my brain on life support, oxygenating it just long enough to do some radical surgery into some spare torsos.
来做个可怕的假设，我在周末惨遭事故,肉体完全损坏，只剩大脑靠系统维持生命，持续补氧到能被高超手术植入另外的身体。
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We could also figure out the formal charges, and obviously the formal charges between these two atoms, they're going to be identical, we're only dealing with oxygen atoms here.
我们还可以把形式电荷算出来，显然这两个原子的形式电荷，应该是完全相同的，我们要处理的只有氧这一种原子。
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So let's do this considering, for example, what it would look like if we were to write out the electron configuration for oxygen where z is going to be equal to 8.
我们来做这个考虑，举例来说,如果我们写出,有效电荷量为8的氧的电子构型。
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So, if we look on the periodic table, comparing, for example, s to o, if we have s it's below o, what happens to ionization energy as we go down a table?
那么，如果我们看周期表上，比较，比如，硫和氧，硫在氧下面，当我们沿着表向下看的时候,电离能是怎么变化的？
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The way, in the simplest terms that cyanide can kill you, is it basically out-competes your oxygen for the heme in your blood.
氰化物可以杀掉你的最简单的一种方式基本上就是，将氧从你血液中,的血红素中挤出去。
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So, for instance, this would suggest to us by the way it's written that the hydrogen is attached to the nitrogen and not the oxygen.
因此，比如，这样的写法会提醒我们,这个氢原子是与氮原子成键的，而不是氧。
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But there is nothing saying you cannot take magnesium and mix it with oxygen and make magnesium oxide.
同样的道理，如果将镁,与氧一起反应，就会得到氧化镁。
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So, this one can be tricky because oxygen looks like it's in the middle because of the way it's written, but we need to start by looking at the lowest ionization energy.
这个例子可能有些狡猾,因为氧看起来是在中间的,因为它是这样写的，但是我们需要从寻找最低的电离能开始。
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Are we saying that until 1774 there was no oxygen because it was discovered then?
我们是说，直到1774年才出现的氧,是因为它被发现了？
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So, in this case, we see that our formal charge is negative on the nitrogen, in this case it's negative on oxygen.
那么，在这种情况下，我们看到氮的形式电荷是负的，而在这种情况下，氧的是负的。
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By looking at the periodic table it's right underneath oxygen, so those both have 6 valence electrons.
通过查周期表可以看到它就在氧的正下方，因此它们两个都有六个价电子。
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So instead of carrying oxygen to your cells, you're carrying cyanide to your cells.
因此，运到你的细胞的不是氧，而是氰化物。
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The respiratory system plays an important role in maintaining our internal environment at the proper level of oxygen, by bringing the right amount in.
呼吸系统的重要性在于,通过向体内输入适量的氧气,维持人体内环境中的氧平衡
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So let's switch to thinking about oxygen hybridization here.
让我们考虑一下氧的杂化。
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So, we can say that -- if we have neon here and we want to think about what's isoelectronic, -- f minus would be isoelectronic. We also have oxygen -- what would the charge on oxygen be? Um-hmm, right. 2 minus.
那么，我们可以说--如果我们这里有氖原子,而我们想知道与它等电子的是什么，负一价的氟离子就是与它等电子的，我们还有氧-,氧应该是几价的？没错，负二价。
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If we go to the oxygen atom, now we're talking about starting with 6 in terms of valence electrons again, but instead of 2, you can see we have 6 lone pair electrons around the oxygen minus 1/2 of 2, so we have minus 1 is our formal charge.
如果我们分析氧原子的话，现在我们讨论的还是,从六个价电子开始，但孤对电子不再是两个了，你会看到氧周围,有六个孤对电子，再减去二的一半，因此我们有一个负的形式电荷。
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And the last example that we're going to talk about is thionyl chloride, so it's s o c l 2. This is another good step forward, because now we actually have four different atoms in our molecule.
我们要讨论的最后一个例子,是氯化亚砜，就是硫，氧，氯，二，这又是一个进步，因为我们的分子中现在有四个不同的原子了。
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So I show that here, so in green, you have what's called a carboxcylic acid group, a c o o h, which gets converted by s o c l 2 to a c double bond o c l or an acid chloride.
我在这里用绿色表示，我们所说的羧酸族化合物，碳，氧，氧，氢，它被亚硫酰氯转化为,一个碳氧双键与碳氯单键组成的酰氯。
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So let's think about water here as our simplest example with oxygen.
让我们讨论,对于氧来说最简单的例子-水。
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Which of those two is more electronegative? The oxygen.
它们两个中哪个有更高的电负性？氧。
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The red blood cells that carry oxygen only live within your circulation for about a month and so you have to continually be replacing cells that are dying and so there are cells that are proliferating.
携带氧的红细胞,在你的循环系统中的寿命只有一个月,因此你必须持续不断地更新衰老的细胞,所以就有在增殖的细胞
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So now let's look at an example where we talk about using these 2 p z orbitals, so let's look at oxygen.
现在让我们来看一个要,用到2pz轨道的例子，让我们来看一下氧。
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So if we're comparing the difference between these 2 now, what you'll notice is that in nitrogen we have all half-filled 2 p orbitals, and now, once we move into oxygen, we actually have to add 1 more electron into 1 of the 2 p orbitals.
那么如果我们来比较下它们两个有什么不同，你会发现氮的，2，p，轨道,都是半满的，现在，我们继续看一下氧，我们不得不在其中一个，2，p，轨道上,再放上一个电子。
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