Vertically means that every class connected to the next class is connected to every class throughout the semester around a spiral.

纵向意味着每一节课都和下一节课有关系,和整个学期内的每一节课都有关系，呈一个螺旋状。

哈佛公开课 - 幸福课课程节选

In one study by James Cutting, Cutting taught an Introduction to Psychology course and before each lecture he'd flash pictures on the screen.

在James，Cutting做的一个研究中，他教一门心理学导论课程,在每节课上课前，他会在屏幕上放一些图片。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选