It might be a plasmid that contains a promoter that works in lung cells and that has the cystic fibrosis gene.

这个质粒带有,可以在肺细胞表达的启动子和正常基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If this happens correctly, each of the new cells has exactly the same composition as the parent cell.

如果一切正常,每一个新细胞都会,和亲代细胞在组成上完全一致

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Another comparison for a meaningful drug screening essay, I would assume you would need 1 million cells that you could grow easily in a standard cell culture dish.

我们不妨再用一个,便于你理解的药物筛选试验来打个比方，假设正常情况下,一个标准细胞培养皿需要一百万个细胞。

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Before B1 begins, you've got the body working, functioning, in its bodily way--respirating, reproducing the cells, and so forth and so on.

在B1之前,你的身体还在运作,正常运作,也就是机体上的呼吸,复制细胞,诸如此类

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You get cystic fibrosis because one protein that's made by your lung epithelium is not expressed properly.

得囊胞性纤维症的病因是,肺上皮细胞产生的一种蛋白,表达不正常

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You're able to make the protein but the protein doesn't function properly.

肺上皮细胞可以表达这种蛋白,但其并不具有正常功能

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You can see that it would be problem here if the gene that you were trying to give to the cancer cells also went to normal cells-- that would be a problem.

这确实是个问题,如果我们想导入癌细胞的自杀基因,也能进入正常细胞,那问题就大了

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This property of cells in culture is called anchorage dependence - that the cell needs to be anchored to a surface in order to function properly.

体外培养细胞的这种特性,称为贴壁依赖性--,意思是细胞必须固定在,某个表面上才能正常生长

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Even if that beaker had all the nutrients that skin cells needed they wouldn't survive very well in solution, they tend to need to be stuck to a surface in order to survive.

即使供给它们所有所需的养分,它们也不能在溶液中正常存活,皮肤细胞倾向于贴壁生长

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

These are two examples I just gave you of introducing genes that affect the life of a cell, either by making it express a protein that it's not making properly that's important to its life, or by intentionally killing a cell by having it express a fatal gene.

刚才我所举两个例子,都只是影响单一细胞生命过程的,无论是使无法正常表达的重要蛋白,正常表达也好,或是有意地,导入致命的基因杀死细胞也好

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Several things happen during mitosis, first, when a cell enters the process of mitosis it already has twice the DNA that it needs.

有丝分裂中有几个重要的步骤,首先,当细胞进入有丝分裂过程,细胞中已含有两倍于其正常所需的DNA

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In a normal cell DNA that DNA in the normal cell - this DNA gets cut by the restriction enzyme, so the sickle gene ends up - so that hemoglobin gene ends up in two pieces.

一个正常细胞的DNA,正常细胞里的DNA,会被限制酶所剪切,因此镰状血红蛋白基因--,不对,是正常血红蛋白基因被切成两段

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选