There was no separate caste of priests and there was very little concern, I don't mean any concern, but very little concern with life after death which was universally important in other civilizations.

没有独立的教会阶层,城邦里的人们很少关注来生这个概念,很少关注,不是说完全没有关注,此观念在当时的其他文明中是极为重要的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

And so the pagan picture of an amoral universe of just competing powers, good and evil, Kaufman says, is transformed into a picture of a moral cosmos. The highest law is the will of God and that imposes a morality upon the structure of the universe.

在异教观念中，一个充满了权力斗争，善神与恶神对抗的，非道德宇宙，变成了,一个道德的宇宙，上帝的旨意是最高的法律,它给宇宙的结构添加了道德这一概念。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选