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And the crucial point about the case is that we stipulate that at no point was there a dramatic change.
这个案例的关键就在于,我们推断生命不可能会有戏剧化的剧变。
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It might be true that those cases do happen, but I really think they are not the norm.
虽然有这种案例，但我并不认为这是一种普遍情况。
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Well, the reason, the way that we can check it is just to see if it's in between our two extreme 1 cases. We know that it has to be more than 1, because even if we had total shielding, 1 we would at least feel is the effective of 1.
好的我们可以检查它的原因和方式是观察,它是否在我们的两种极端案例之间,我们知道它必须大于，因为即使如果我们有完全的屏蔽，我们最小感到的有效值是。
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Some foe of the personality theory could say, Okay,imagine that this guy in Michigan does have Napoleon's personality.
一些人格案例的反对者会说，那么试想一下,这个密西根家伙确实有拿破仑的人格。
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Well there are examples in American History in which the Median Voter Theorem looks pretty good.
在美国历史上就有一个案例,此案例中中间选民定理非常奏效
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How many know about the studies that cheerful example that yoga practice diminishes significantly, more than any other interventions that they tried, the likelihood of second-time offenders when they practice it in jail?
有多少人知道下面这个让人欣慰的案例,瑜伽练习，比任何试过的干预措施都有效，犯人在监狱里练瑜伽,会降低他们的二次犯罪率？
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It is true that we're seeing some people thrown out of their houses, in some cases, because of some rather questionable financial practices that got people into mortgages that they shouldn't have gotten into.
确实我们看到有些人,被赶出他们的房子，在有些案例中，确实是有些有问题的金融操纵,使人们背上,本不该背负的债务。
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With this basic principle of utility on hand, let's begin to test it and to examine it by turning to another case, another story, but this time, not a hypothetical story, a real life story, the case of the Queen versus Dudley and Stevens.
有了这条最基本的功利原则，让我们检验一下这条原则,是否适用于另一案例，而这一次，就不再是假定的事件了，是个真实的故事，女王诉达德利和斯蒂芬斯案。
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There was a famous case in the 1970s or '80s, there was a family called Trognon, and a trognon is a cigarette butt, and when they tried to adopt a baby, it would be called, let's say Jean-Philippe Trognon, they said,"oh,no, that baby would be damaged by having such a last name; you don't have the right to adopt this baby."
在上世纪七八十年代有一个出名的案例中,这家人姓特鲁侬,意思是香烟屁股,他们想要领养一个婴儿,取名为,简·菲利佩·特鲁侬,法国人说,不不,取这样一个名字有损于这个婴儿,你们不能领养这个孩子
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We had a lot of used cases.
我们有很多成果的案例。
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You have- and another example of that that would be true, is let's say you have a child who lives in this sort of circular area here, who lives here and his friends with a child who lives here.
我们还有个现实案例,假如你有个小孩,居住在我画圈的这块区域,他住在这儿,而他的朋友们住在这儿
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There's a kind of puzzle there as to-- even if, before we move to the question, how widespread are cases like this?
这里又产生了一种疑团-,甚至在我们探讨，这种案例有多普遍之前？
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And in this case,both of Lefty and Righty seem to have enough of Shelly Kagan's brain.
在本案例中，小左和小右都有足够的大脑。
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It's a wonderful case to think about and indeedly, I'm gonna come back to it.
这个案例非常有思考价值,我稍后还会继续讨论。
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I take it cases like this actually do occur.
这样的案例时时有发生的。
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Maybe there is a difference there, I don't have a good theory as to what the difference is, since I don't have a good theory to what the difference is, I'm not in a good position to decide whether a reassembled body would be ? the same body or different body?
也许这两个案例是有不同，我没有充分的理论来,解释这两者之间的不同,由于我无法解释两者的不同，我也就无法去下结论,究竟重组的肉体,是原来的肉体还是不一样的肉体？
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We're going to assume this is not realistic we're going to assume for now that there are 10% of the voters at each of these positions.
我们假设,本案例纯属虚构,我们现在假设,每一个政治立场都会有10%的得票
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there's a puzzle as to how are we even to understand this case?
就有这样一个疑团要解决,我们怎么理解这种案例？
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There are lots of examples of Prisoner's Dilemmas out there.
囚徒困境的案例有很多
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Because it's possible,logically speaking, that there could be cases in which I survive, but I don't have what I normally have when I survive, and so I don't have what matters.
因为可能从逻辑上来说，可能会有这样的案例，我存活下去，但并没拥有我活着时有的东西，不再拥有我在意的东西。
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What we've seen is a testing of the system -that we have regulatory requirements, that banks have enough capital -but this regulation is challenging because it's being stressed right now.
我们列举的这些案例都是对银行体系的考验,我们需要加强监管,以确保银行有充足的资本,但监管确实是一项艰巨的任务,因为现在面对的压力更大了
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So again, let's think of an example here, a couple of examples, in the Bush Gore election, we saw President Bush, candidate Bush as was, saying "I'm not a right wing candidate, I'm a compassionate conservative."
接下来我们再来分析一个案例,就是布什跟戈尔竞选总统的案例,我们都知道总统布什,那时候应该还是总统候选人布什,说他自己不是激进派,他是个有同情心的保守派
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But in the case where we've got branching, where we've got somebody with Napoleon's personality both in Michigan and New York, that violates the no branching rule, and we just have to say nobody's Napoleon in that case.
但在有分歧的案例中，在密西根和纽约都出现了拥有拿破仑人格的人，那违背了无分支规则，那样我们就说，他们都不是拿破仑。
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