So, once we figure out what our probability of backscattering is, we'll just raise that to the 1/2, and we'll multiply that by 12 . 20 centimeters.

所以一旦我们,知道了散射概率，我们开根号。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

If I pick an angle of 60 degrees, these are some numbers like half and root 3 over 2.

要是我选择一个 60°的角,上面的系数就会是二分之一和二分之根号三

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选

If you had one negative number in it, then the product would be a negative number and, if you took a root of that, then you might get an imaginary number.

如果这当中有一个负数,乘积就会变成负的,如果你对一个负数开根号,你就会得到一个虚数

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

When we look at this angular part, we see that it's always the square root of 1 over 4 pi, it doesn't matter what the angle is, it's not dependent on the angle.

当我们看这角向部分，可以看到它总是等于１除以４pai开根号，这和是什么角度没有关系，它和角度无关。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选