• It turns out that getting large molecules like this, particularly large charged molecules like nucleic acids, inside of cells is not so easy.

    后来证实,将这样的大分子物质,尤其是像核酸这样带有大量电荷的分子,送入细胞不是一件容易的事

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • Cutting involves enzymes called restriction endonucleases or restriction enzymes, which I've already mentioned and they have names.

    切割用到的酶叫限制性核酸内切酶,或限制性内切酶,我已经提到过了,而且它们都有名字

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • DNA also has this sort of combinatorial system where you have a finite number of, I guess, bases or amino acids that could combine to a possible infinity of strings of DNA strings.

    脱氧核糖核酸也拥有这种组合系统,你的生物基础或氨基酸数量是有限的,但却能组合出,几乎无限的脱氧核糖核酸螺旋结构

    耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

  • So you know everywhere on this picture you could write down exactly what the sequence of nucleotides are that make up this vector.

    所以你能准确的知晓,组成图上这个载体的任何一处的核酸序列

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • They would naturally hybridize and form a duplex, or a double stranded nucleic acid.

    它们会自然杂交并形成双螺旋,或者说双链核酸

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • They bring into proximity an amino acid so that instead of forming a new polymer of a nucleic acid, a polymer of an amino acids is formed.

    同时它所携带氨基酸相互邻接,从而形成了一个氨基酸聚合物,而非核酸聚合物

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • You don't need to say anything more about the phosphate because they all have the phosphate and every set of these is hooked together in the same way.

    不需要再进一步说明磷酸基,因为两种核酸都含有磷酸基,并且以同样的方式相互连接

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • Now this is the basis of a physical chemistry process called hybridization.

    这正是所谓核酸分子杂交的,物理化学反应的基础

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • So, if you look in the blood of patients that are infected with Hepatitis B you find a lot of Hepatitis B surface subunits, proteins without the nucleic acid circulating in their blood.

    因此,如果你观察一下,已经感染乙肝病毒患者的血液,你会发现许多乙肝病毒的表面亚基,以及血液循环中存在没有核酸的蛋白质

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • If I drew this altogether and this is one particular nucleic acid, now shown in more detail, all of the carbons of the pentose are shown here, the phosphate is shown, and a base is shown.

    如果我把这个放在一起,这个核酸分子,让你们看得到更多细节,戊糖的五个碳都在这儿,磷酸基在这儿,碱基在这儿

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • You've got to be able to make this stuff and you've got to be able to make it in large quantities and we'll talk about how to make nucleic acids in large quantities a little bit later in the lecture.

    首先你必须能够合成这种分子,合成出的分子数量必须足够多,我们待会儿会讲到,如何大量合成核酸分子

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • Hybridization simply means that DNA will re-nature and form a stable double helix only with its particular match, only with the hybrid that it is perfectly complementary, too.

    核酸分子杂交表示,DNA在变性状态下可以恢复活性,和与其配对的单链形成稳定的双螺旋结构,只有在完全配对时才会发生这种情况

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • Nucleic acids, of which DNA is an example, are polymers of nucleotides.

    核酸以及其中的DNA分子就是个例证,核酸就是核苷酸聚合物

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • When you think about a gene or a transcript, the messenger RNA copy of a gene, you know that for every sequence of a nucleic acid there's a complimentary sequence.

    当你们考虑一段基因或者一个,转录一段基因的mRNA拷贝,你们知道每个核酸序列,都有互补序列

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

  • The only thing I need to say in order to distinguish this particular part of the chemistry of a DNA or an RNA molecule is to say 'it's DNA or its RNA', and 'what the base is'.

    想要区别DNA和RNA,这两种化学结构不同的核酸的话,我只要说明它是DNA还是RNA,它的碱基是什么就够了

    耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

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