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Error is not a poetic elaboration on things which somehow, as it does in Plato's view, undermines the integrity of that truth identified by philosophers.
错误并不是对事物一种诗化的详细阐释，正如柏拉图的观，这种阐释以某种方式削减了，被哲学家认同的真理，的诚实性。
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So your goal, Plato says, your goal should be, in life, to practice death-- to separate yourself from your body.
所以你的目标,柏拉图说,你的目标应该是,活着时,练习,把心灵从身体分离出来
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I mean, the Greeks didn't -- Plato's Symposium, all of these guys are sitting around having a drinking party.
我是说,希腊人不这样 --,在柏拉图的飨宴上,人们坐在那里举行酒宴
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Hughes tells us that Milton's thinking of Plato and that the Elder Brother is referring to the platonic theory that the noble spirit is released from the body after death.
休斯告诉我们，弥尔顿引用了柏拉图的东西,大哥用的是柏拉图的理论,人死后，高尚的灵魂将从身体释放出来。
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The ironic fact is, because the New Testament is considered more important by people, there are a whole lot more people who take my New Testament classes than go over to the Classics Department and take a course in Plato.
讽刺的是，由于人们认为新约更重要，所以在我新约课堂上的人,远远多于,在古典学系选修柏拉图的人。
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We can say today that this university is a direct ancestor of the platonic republic of Plato's Academy.
我们可以说现今这间大学的直系原型,即是，“柏拉图学院“的,柏拉图式理想国。
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Plato's Republic is, we will discover as you read, it is a republic of a very special kind.
柏拉图的《理想国》各位在我们继续阅读中，自会发现是一种很特别的理想国。
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Maybe you might even say following Spinoza, that this is the core of Plato's theological political treatise here.
你也可能会学斯宾诺沙说，那是柏拉图的,核心神学政治论述。
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Plato's idea is that if we start doing enough metaphysics, we can see there must be this realm of Platonic ideas, Platonic forms.
柏拉图的观点是,如果我们对形而上学有充分的研究,就必能看到柏拉图式的,理念或是型相组成的世界
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His complex relationship with Socrates is Alcibiades by the way recounted in the drunken speech that Alcibiades gives in Plato's dialogue Symposium.
他与苏格拉底间,复杂的关系，都由酒醉的,娓娓道来，并记录在柏拉图的,《飨宴篇》辩证中。
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If you don't believe me about this, maybe you will consider the words of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, one of the great readers of Plato's Republic.
如果你们不信，也许可以考虑,鲁索的话语，他是最重要的柏拉图《理想国》读者之一。
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So Platonic metaphysics gives us premise number one-- that ideas, forms, are eternal and they're non-physical.
柏拉图的形而上学论给了我们前提一,理念或者型相是永恒的,非现实的
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A further point that distinguishes the empirical world from this-- this realm of Platonic ideal objects-- is that indeed they-- there's something perfect about them.
更进一步,使现实世界和这个所谓的,柏拉图的理念世界的区别,在于那个世界中有些东西是完美的
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I think that actually a better example for Plato's purposes, not that I expect him to have this particular example, but, would be a car.
一个能更好的解释柏拉图的观点的例子,尽管他本人不大可能想得到,我认为这个例子是汽车
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But for now, what I want to do is talk about Plato's democracy and ours.
接下来，我想要谈的是,柏拉图与我们的民主。
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So the Platonic metaphysics says quite generally, if we're thinking about the ideas or the forms, the point to grasp is they're eternal; they're non-physical.
柏拉图的形而上学论说得非常笼统,假如我们提到理念或者型相,要点就是他们是永恒的,是非现实的
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As one of the great readers of Plato : of the last century once said, "Only the surface of things " reveals the essence of things."
如同上个世纪一位重要的柏拉图读者,曾说到，“仅有事物的表面,尽展其精华“
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And then there's the late dialogues, where even though Socrates appears, most scholars believe those are probably not the views that the historical Socrates actually believed.
而就柏拉图的晚期对话作品而言,尽管苏格拉底也频频出场,大多数学者认为,那些观点很可能,并不是真实的苏格拉底所持有的
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You recall when we talked about Plato, we introduced the notion of essential properties.
你们还记得我们说起柏拉图的时候，我们介绍了基本性质的概念。
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Every bit in many ways is far reaching as Plato's Republic.
每一项，从很多层面看来,都跟柏拉图的《理想国》一样遥不可及。
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In any case, Aristotle returned to Athens later on and established a school of his own, a rival to the Platonic Academy " that he called the Lyceum.
无论如何，亚里士多德后来回到雅典,并建立了他自己的学校，和柏拉图的学院打擂台,他称之为，“学园。
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I'll take every view that Socrates puts forward as a view of Plato's, though I'll typically sort of run back and forth sort of in a careless fashion.
我会把苏格拉底提出的,所有观点都当做是柏拉图的,尽管我会随意地,将两者交替着说
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So in about a week or so we'll start reading Plato's Phaedo.
一周后我们将开始阅读柏拉图的"斐多篇"
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In one of Plato's lesser known dialogues he makes a statement--the following statement, which I think shows both the typical arrogance of the Greeks and also says something true.
在柏拉图的一个不怎么出名的对话录中,他作了一个声明,以下是这些声明,我认为它们既是希腊人典型的傲慢的体现,又说到了一些事实
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What mathematicians are doing is using their mind to think about these Platonic ideas of mathematics.
数学家所做的就是用他们的心灵,来思考那些数学的柏拉图理念
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So to explain all this we need now a sort of crash course in Plato's metaphysics.
要解释这些,我们现在得恶补一点柏拉图的形而上学
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But Plato's Socrates is necessarily poles apart from Aristophanes' Socrates depiction of him as a sort of sophist who makes the weaker argument the stronger.
但柏拉图的苏格拉底必然不同于,亚里斯多芬尼斯对苏格拉底的描述,后者将他描写成是,让虚弱申辩转强的诡辩家。
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But Plato's Republic recognizes no such separation or no such independence for a private sphere.
但柏拉图的《理想国》并未体认到这种区隔,或是这种私人领域的自主性。
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And, in a sense, one could say maybe this is not Plato's last word, I mean why does Socrates choose to stay and drink the hemlock?
或者也可以说，这并非柏拉图的结论，我是说为何苏格拉底,选择停留并服下毒参？
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Unlike most of you, Aristotle did not spend four years at the Platonic Academy.
但不像各位，亚里士多德在柏拉图的学院,并不只待四年。
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