You're allowed Cv comes out here for this adiabatic expansion, which is not a constant volume only because this is always true for an ideal gas.

绝热过程写下,这个式子是因为它对理想气体都成立，并没有用到等容过程的条件,只用了理想气体的条件。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And, in general, the idea of what goes on in classical conditioning is that the response is sort of a preparation.

一般认为，在经典条件作用中,反应就是某种准备过程。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

You can only do this because it's reversible. What else do I know?

这一步,只对可逆过程成立，还有什么已知条件？

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

I need a so-called base case even in my analysis here.

在分析过程中我需要一个所谓的基本条件。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选