If we have a higher z effective, it's pulled in tighter, we have to put in more energy in order to eject an electron, so it turns out that that's why case 2 is actually the lowest energy that we need to put in.

而如果有效核电量更高，原子核的束缚也就更紧，我们不得不输入更多的能量来打出一个电子，这就是第二种情况,所需要输入的,能量更少的原因。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

All the energies are negative because it is a bound system. I start up here with n equals one.

所有能量级都是负数，因为它是一个束缚系统,在这里我从n等于1讲起。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, if we want to go from that stable state to that less stable state, we need to put in a certain amount of energy to our system, that difference between the free electron and the electron bound to the metal.

所以，如果我们想使电子,从稳态到达不够稳定的状态，我们需要引入一定数量的,能量到系统中，即自由电子和束缚于金属的,电子的能量差。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And so the energy is zero because the electron is no longer bound. It is free.

所以这个系统能量为0，因为,电子不再受束缚了，它自由了。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

The reason it's aluminum is because aluminum has a lower z effective, so it's not being pulled in as tightly by the nucleus, and if it's not being pulled in as tightly, you're going to have to put in less energy in order to ionize it, so that's why it's actually going to have the smaller ionization energy.

原因是,铝的有效核电量更少，所以没有被原子核束缚得更紧，而如果没有被束缚得更紧，你为了电离它所需要注入的能量也就更少，这就是,它的电离能会更低的原因。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So we can think about what is our most loosely-bound electron, what's that highest energy orbital, and it's going to be the 2 p orbital, that's going to be what's highest in energy.

我们来想一想,它“束缚得最松“的电子是哪一个，能量最高的轨道是哪一个？,它就是，2，p，轨道，是能量最高的轨道。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So here we have energy increasing on the y-axis, and you see this straight line at the bottom here is lower down on the graph, and that's the energy of a bound electron, so that's going to be a low stable energy.

这里我们看到能量沿着y轴增加，而且在这张图片上,这条直线在底部是降低的，那是一个束缚电子的能量，所以那是一个低稳态能量。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选