Altruism" is the biologists' term meaning kindness,generosity, and evolutionary biologists have worked really hard to explain why animals might evolve to be kind.

利他主义是生物学术语,意思是善良，慷慨，进化生物学家努力去解释,为什么动物进化趋向善良。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And more generally, the problem is you can talk about what other people do in terms of reinforcement and punishment and operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

更加一般性的问题便是,你可以用强化和惩罚，操作性条件作用,以及经典条件作用之类的术语,来解释他人的行为。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

It's very hard to see how you explain that in physicalist terms.

都很难运用物理主义术语加以解释

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

I want to just say it in the simplest possible terms.

我尽量用最简单的术语来解释。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

But in order to do so, you have to use terms like "punishment" and "reward" and "reinforcement" in such a vague way that in the end you're not saying anything scientific.

但如果你要这样去做，你就必须将惩罚，奖励“,强化之类的术语概念模糊化,最终你所作出的解释便毫无科学性。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选