There is a huge difference between the energies in the outermost shell and the inner shells, which tells you that it's unlikely that any electrons except those in the outermost shell are going to be active.

最外层和最里层所具有的能量,有很大差异，而这告诉我们有一点是不太可能的,那就是除了最外层的电子,别的电子都是应该是活泼的。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

If I'm described to you as a vivacious and creative person and you see me and I'm all kind of bouncing around and everything, you could then confirm this as, "Look how vivacious and creative he is."

如果有人把我描述成一个活泼有创意的人,当你看到我上跳下蹿时，你就会以此来确认你所相信的，“看他多活泼多有创意”

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选