One way is to allow these bacteria to grow on a plate that is loaded with antibiotics like Ampicillin.

一种方法,是让这些细菌,在有大量抗生素如氨苄青霉素,的培养基上生长

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If your gene goes in, you've interrupted the gene for antibiotic resistance and those new organisms aren't going to be resistant to antibiotic anymore.

如果基因进入了质粒,原本对抗生素有抗性的基因就被打断了,那些新细菌就不再对抗生素有抗性

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

if you do that under the situation where you've put your plasmid into these micro-organisms then you're going to have little colonies that grow many copies of the bacterial cells.

如果你在质粒已经进入了微生物,的情况下培养它们,你就会得到许多小菌落,里面长有很多增殖出来的细菌

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There are different kinds of cell walls in bacteria but they have a rigid cell wall and our cells don't have a rigid cell wall, we have a fluid lipid like cell wall.

细菌有不同种类的细胞壁,但都很坚固,人类细胞没有坚固的细胞壁,我们有一层类似细胞壁的流动的脂类

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I'm not going to talk about them in detail but please look at that to remind yourself of those kinds of specialized sub-cellular units which are present in cells in humans but not present in bacteria.

我就不再赘述了,不过请你们看看书,回忆一下哪些特化的亚细胞结构单元,是人类细胞有,而细菌没有的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You've probably seen agar plates, if you smear a solution that's contaminated with bacteria on it, then that bacteria will grow on this agar rich medium and you'll get many, many copies of the bacteria that you've smeared at low density onto the plate.

你们大概见过琼脂培养基,如果将有细菌的溶液涂抹在培养基上,细菌就会在富含琼脂的培养基上生长,你会得到许多许多细菌,即使你只涂抹了低浓度溶液

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So bacteria that get an unloaded plasmid are going to have resistance to antibiotics.

得到无DNA片段质粒的细菌,就会对抗生素有抗性

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选