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So, now you have a single molecule, very large molecule, with not just two binding sites but with ten binding sites.
所以如果你体内有一个细胞,一个体积很大的细胞,细胞表面不只有两个抗原结合位点,而有十个抗原结合位点
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They're everywhere in cells throughout your body and they are responsible for lots of the biochemistry of cell/cell interaction and signaling.
它们在身体各处的细胞中都有,并负责很多细胞间的相互作用,及信号转导的生化过程
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The name giving part for the hair cell is so-called a hair bundle.
所以叫毛细胞,是因为这种细胞有一个发状的纤维束。
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Because maybe you ate more glucose than you needed immediately and so it goes into cells that can store glucose.
因为你摄入的糖可能比你需要的糖更多,因此它们就进入那些有储糖能力的细胞中
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Most cells in your body have insulin receptors so insulin is starting to bind to insulin receptors on those cells.
体内大多数细胞中都有胰岛素受体,胰岛素就开始与细胞上的胰岛素受体结合
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So, when there is extra glucose you want to put it into the cells that can use it immediately.
当有额外的糖分存在时,能迅速利用糖分的细胞就开始摄取糖分
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They're not quite as potent as the cells from earlier because they've now differentiated somewhat.
它们不如早些的细胞有那样多的潜能,因为它们已经分化到一定程度了
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Hepatitis is a virus that specifically affects the liver, so viruses are often specific to certain kinds of cells.
肝炎病毒就可以特异性的感染肝细胞,因病毒通常都有细胞特异性
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We talked about mitosis last time; it's described more completely in the chapter, where two cells are formed from one.
我们上节课说到过有丝分裂,在那一章里更详细的阐释了,细胞是怎么由一生二的
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You know probably that within your bone marrows there's populations of cells, there are different kinds of cells within the bone marrow.
你也许知道的,在你的骨髓里,有许多种细胞,骨髓中有不同种类的细胞
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What's the difference between this cell which I call a committed progenitor cell and its offspring, and the offspring of that offspring.
我所称的定向祖细胞,和它的子细胞之间,还有它子细胞的子细胞之间有什么区别呢
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We have other ways of protecting; many of our cells are inside our body protected by specialized cells of our skeletal system.
人类有其它的保护机制,我们体内的细胞受,特化的骨骼细胞保护
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Usually viruses have certain kinds of cells they want to infect or that they're capable of infecting.
通常病毒倾向于或者有能力,感染某些种类的细胞
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It could be those differences that they experience in their extracellular environment that lead to their choice to either self-renew or to become committed.
有可能就是由于,这种细胞外环境的不同,最终导致它们自我更新,或者成为定向的祖细胞
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Mitosis is an orderly sequence of events by which one parent cell becomes two daughter cells.
有丝分裂是指一个亲代细胞,变为两个子细胞的有序的过程
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If you could look at these cells you could find differences between them, there are chemical differences in the content of each of these cells.
如果观察这些细胞,你就能发现这些差异,每个细胞内容物的化学成分,都会有一些不同
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Mitosis is one event that happens during this larger event called the cell cycle.
有丝分裂就是发生在,较大的细胞周期中的一个小一点的环节
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When I talked about mitosis, I talked about cells making perfect copies of each other, so each parent cell becoming two daughter cells that are the same.
我讲有丝分裂的时候,谈到过细胞能够完美的复制自己,母细胞分裂成为,两个完全一样的子细胞
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At the center of our sense of hearing is a very interesting cell.
人类的听觉器官中,有一种非常有趣的细胞。
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All the cells in your body have the capability of making all the proteins that you make, but they're not all made in every cell.
你体内的所有细胞,都有表达体内所有种类的蛋白的能力,但细胞并不会表达所有的蛋白质
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It's no longer just a round spherical mass of cells, but it has some structure.
不再只是一个球状的细胞团,它有了一定的结构
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You could imagine a protein that's existing inside a cell at some level of abundance.
想像一下,在细胞中有一种大量存在的蛋白
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Because it infects your cells and reproduces, your immune system responds much more vigorously.
由于它会感染你的细胞并且繁殖,所以你的免疫系统会有很强烈的反应
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It's time for you to reproduce', and so the cellular response would be mitosis.
该是复制的时候了",细胞就开始进行有丝分裂
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Here, there are receptors on one cell and the ligand that they experience is not a dissolved molecule, but actually a molecule that's attached to another cell.
这个细胞上有许多受体,与之结合的配体并非是可溶性分子,而是一个附着在其他细胞上的分子
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If cells were actively proliferating, that is you had a population of cells that are actively proliferating, they would be going through continuous rounds of the cell cycle.
如果细胞处在活跃增殖状态,就是说有一定数量的,细胞具有增殖活性,它们就会连续地经历细胞周期的各个阶段
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Some form what are called megakaryocytes which become platelets, which are responsible for clotting, for forming a barrier if your circulatory system gets injured so you don't bleed.
还有一些类型的细胞称为巨核细胞,生成有凝血作用的血小板,在你的循环系统受损时形成止血屏障
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The size of the cells could be different; maybe mitosis is asymmetrical in some way so that one of the cells ends up being bigger than the other.
细胞大小可能会不同,也许有丝分裂的过程是不对称的,致使子细胞一个大一个小
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One way of referring to this cell is in terms of its potential and the zygote obviously has the potential of becoming all of the cells of our body.
干细胞的一个特点,就是它有分化潜能,而受精卵,显然有变成我们体内任何细胞的潜能
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The cell divides, and divides, and divides many, many times and that's one of the signature events of embryogenesis until we have many, many cells that make up our bodies.
细胞不断分裂,持续进行,那是胚胎发育中,一个标志性的过程,在那之后,我们就有了许许多多构成我们身体的细胞
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