Similarly, just as we have symbols for the presence of sound and its length, we have symbols that represent the absence of sound.

类似的,既然我们有符号,来表示声音的频率和长度,我们也有表示静音的符号

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

And so, if we look at our box notation, we've got three states in the p orbital.

因此，如果我们看看我们的盒子符号，在p轨道有三个状态。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

It might be worth pausing over the variety of ways in which we can think of signs in language, all of which have to do with the way in which a given sign might be chosen to go into a speech sentence.

这也许值得尝试,为了理解语言和符号的关系，这一切都和符号怎样,被选择为一段话语的构成部分有关系。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

We talk in terms of high pitch and low pitch although we'll fine tune that next time, and then we have this idea of duration or time, which we tend to write out in symbols that move from your left to right.

我们是从高低方面来谈论音高,即使我们将于下次讲解曲调的问题,我们已经有了音符时值或时间的概念,我们倾向于用符号来表示,时间是从你的左边向右边移动的

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

Now, once you know each of those, you can now do 25 more upper case letters and 25 more lower case letters then there are some other stuff like punctuation and things you see on the keyboard.

一旦你知道两者中的任何一个，你就知道了另外25个,大写字母和小写字母,标点和在键盘上的,各种符号也有ASCII码。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

sa So we have 1 s a, and we're drawing this as having a positive amplitude, but since we have destructive interference we're going to draw 1 s b as having the opposite sign, so we have a plus and a minus in terms of signs.

我们有，我们把这画成一个正的振幅，但因为我们是相消干涉,我们把1sb画成相反的符号，所以我们有一正一负两个符号。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

This is true even of seemingly identical signs, because each has its use value and is only intelligible as that which it exists to mean in a certain context.

看着相同的符号也是如此，因为每一个符号都有自己的价值,只有当它出现在某一语境中才能被理解。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

So signs are arbitrary-- and they're also differential.

所以符号是任意的，但是他们也是有差异的。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

These are some of the implications of no longer being satisfied with the way in which a sign can be understood as a concept to which we attach belatedly a signification, a signifier.

有一些意指已不满足于,符号被理解为概念的方式了,我们就再赋予它们一个含义，一个能指。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

So let me just return once again to the way in which sign systems are intelligible because lots of- there are going to be lots of moments in a course like this in which what we seem to be saying is that, "Oh, we can't know anything," or "We don't know what we know," or "How do we know what we know?"

现在让我们回到,怎样理解符号系统的话题上-,这个学期你们会有很多时候觉得,天哪，我们什么也认识不了“,或者，哎，我们其实并不了解我们以为理解的事“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

I then assign thankful true, if so, but notice this little trick: -- I'm going to keep doing this while I am bang thankful -- bang exclamation point means "not," so this is shorthand, sort of clever elegant notation for "while I'm not thankful, keep doing this."

然后我给thankful赋true值，如果是这样，注意这里有个小技巧：,我将一直这样做，当我用满意时-,感叹号在这里的意思是“非“，这是一个可速记的，有几分机灵优雅的符号,用来说明：“当我不满意，保持这样做“

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选