-
For a real gas it depends on more than the temperature STUDENT: Are there any other constraints similar to that .
而对实际气体，这是不对的,它的内能不仅仅依赖于温度,学生：有其他,类似的约束吗？
-
It's going to have some volume, temperature to begin with, and then we're going to do something to it.
气体有一定的，体积与温度，现在我们。
-
That is to say brick work in high temperature furnaces, maybe tiles on the Shuttle, to resist high temperatures because of the high internal bonding.
它在能够承受高温炉的温度，例如瓷砖，能够耐受高温,因为它们有强的内部键作用。
-
When you mix two chemicals together, it could be any number, there's an infinite number of possible numbers and that would be continuous.
把两种试剂混合的时候,温度可以取任何值,对温度的取值有无数种可能,也就是说,是连续的
-
Yet, the temperature goes up. So, I can have a temperature change which is an adiabatic temperature change.
它与外界不会，有物质或者能量的流动,然而系统的温度升高了。
-
And that property could be the volume, like if you have a mercury thermometer , the volume of the mercury.
这种性质可以是体积，如果你有水银温度计,水银的体积。
-
And you already saw last time there was this relationship between the temperature and volume changes along an adiabatic path.
是条绝热路径，而上次你已经看到,沿着绝热路径温度和体积,的变化有这个关系。
-
And then there's a cold reservoir T2 at some lower temperature T2.
另外有一个冷的热源,温度为。
-
So now we have a constant volume reversible temperature change.
所以现在我们有一个,等体，可逆的温度变化。
-
In other words, how much does the temperature of the whole thing change when you put an ordinary amount of material in there and run a reaction, right. Well, what do you do?
当你放入通常数量的材料,并进行反应时,整个装置的温度,改变有多少，你要做什么？
-
And so, again, we see a temperature increase, and we know the work, and the temperature increase, it's a constant pressure thing.
好，我们看到温度升高了，然后我们有做功量和温度的升高量，这是一个恒定压力下的值。
-
There's a volume, there's a temperature, than the pressure here. There's other volume, temperature and pressure here, corresponding to this system here.
温度等状态函数有本质区别，这个状态有一组，确定的体积，温度与压强。
-
Great. So now we have this ideal gas thermometer, and out of this ideal gas thermometer, also comes out the ideal gas law.
好，现在我们有了理想气体温度计,由此还可以引出理想气体定律，我们可以得到这条，插值出的直线的斜率。
-
OK, so we have constant temperature, because it's isothermal.
好，现在系统有恒定的温度，因为它是绝热的。
-
So this is going to end up at T2 a different temperature, we'll call it T2.
这个的末态有不同的温度,我们叫它。
-
That'll be inside our calorimeter. It's insulated, and there's still a thermometer, so we can measure the temperature.
被放置在量热计里面，它是绝热的，同样有一个温度计，让我们可以测量温度。
-
If two object are in the same temperature, and two other object are in the same temperature, then all three must have the same temperature.
如果有两个物体的温度相同，又有另外两个物体的温度相同，那么这三个物体一定有同样的温度。
-
Now, you can have a change of temperature without any heat being involved.
不进行热量传递也可以改变温度,想象有一个热绝缘的盒子。
-
dS/dV There's some variation, dS/dV, at constant temperature.
这里有一点变化，即恒定温度下的。
-
There is a heat bath here that keeps the temperature constant.
这里有一个热库,来保持温度不变。
-
You could take a continuous path, where you have an infinite equilibrium points in between the two, a smooth path, whereyoudrop pressureand temperature simultaneosly in little increments.
你可以选择光滑的连续路径，在初末态间有,无数个平衡态的点，压强和温度同时一点,一点地下降。
-
That's the absolute zero.
有意义的最低的温度。
-
This is going to end up at a different temperature by the way. You saw this last time in a slightly different way. Last time what you saw is we compared isothermal and adiabatic paths that ended up at the same final pressure, and what you saw is that therefore they ended up in different final volumes.
末态温度是不一样的,上次你们看到的,和这个有一点不一样,上次我们比较的是末态压强,相等的等温过程和绝热过程,因此它们的末态,体积是不一样的。
-
And if you go back into the 1800's when thermodynamics was starting, there were a zillion different temperatures scales Everybody had their own favorite temperature scale The one that we're most familiar with is the centigrade or Celsius scale where mercury was the substance, and the volume of mercury is the property.
如果你回头看看19世纪温度计,刚开始使用的时候，那时有不计其数的不同温标,每个人都有他们自己最喜欢的温标,我们最熟悉的是,摄氏温标，用水银,作为工作物质，水银的体积是所用的性质。
-
It's just how much heat is involved when we change the temperature. Now, the products have some heat capacity associated with them right, it takes a certain amount of heat if we make their temperature change, to either put it in or take it away, depending on which direction the temperature is changing.
问题就是当我们改变温度时,有多少热量发生了转移,生成物具有一定的热容,如果我们改变,它们的温度，就要输入或,提取一定的热量,这取决于温度改变的方向。
-
Over here, we have dq=Cp dT, the heat, the proportionality between heat - and temperature rise is given by this, the constant pressure heat capacity.
这里我有dq=CpdT，这是热量，这是联系热量,和温度变化的系数，恒压热容。
-
So we're going to start with a mole of gas, V at some pressure, some volume, T temperature and some mole so V, doing it per mole, and we're going to do two paths here.
假设有1摩尔气体，具有一点的压强p，体积，温度，我们将让它，经过两条不同的路径。
-
du/dT constant pressure is the direct derivative with respect to temperature here, which is sitting by itself under constant volume keeping this constant but there is temperature sitting right here too.
偏U偏T，p恒定是对,温度的直接微分，而它本身对体积不变,保持它不变，但是这里也有一个温度,这就是偏U偏V，T恒定。
应用推荐