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So Israelite-Judean religion on the ground shared many cultic forms and practices and rituals with Canaanite and Ancient Near Eastern culture generally.
因此以色列-犹太宗教本质上来说,和迦南以及古近东时期的文化,在宗教形式、操作和仪式上有很多共同点。
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So we had two weeks like about... Three weeks ago, we had like a big heat spell.
所以我们已经有两个星期像这样了……三个星期前，我们有一个持续高温的时期。
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And there was the confluence of religion and business and science and all of these things that changed dramatically at about that period of time.
当时宗教，商业,科学等等都有了交叉点,它们在那个时期发生了巨大的转变。
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This is one of the reasons why in the golden age of Arabic scholarship in the Middle Ages, there was so much dispute about the Poetics.
这就是为什么在,中世纪阿拉伯学术界的鼎盛时期，关于诗学有这么多争议。
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But in all likelihood Hebrews of an older time, the patriarchal period, the second millennium BCE--they probably weren't markedly different from many of their polytheistic neighbors. Archaeology would suggest that.
但很有可能更早的，西元前2000年族长统治时期的希伯来人，他们可能和其他信仰多神论的异邦人,没有什么太大的不同，这一点考古学会帮我们证明。
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She was, I don't know, ninety and she married some sixty-year-old Confederate veteran at some point in time.
她大概有,大概有,九十岁,她在某个时期嫁给了一个,六十岁的南部邦联老兵
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In other words what happens to people's health as they lose weight and then regain it repeatedly over a period time?
换言之,在一段时期内反复增重减重,对人们的健康有什么影响
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In fact, there is a pillar there of high purity zinc that stood for the duration.
事实上，那有一个高纯度锌的柱子,存在于整个时期。
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In the same period,there is clear-cut,unmistakable, oriental influence on Greek pottery and other things that they make.
在同一时期,有明显的证据表明,希腊受到了东方的影响,这表现在他们制作的陶器和其他器物上
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By the 1690s, 150,000 soldiers. The French army, which was then in the 1690s 180,000 people.
到了17世纪90年代,规模扩大到十五万人,而那个时期的法国军队有十八万人
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In other words there was not enough data on these things, in other words, with other conventional mortgages, you have data covering peace and war, prosperity and depression and so forth and you can follow these data back for decades.
换句话说,关于这些新增贷款没有足够数据，换种说法，和其他传统贷款相比，你有和平和战争时期的数据，有市场繁荣和萧条时的数据等等,你可以追述这些数据。
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But, it ceased being funny, and it was nothing like the siege of Leningrad where something like a million people died in World War Two of starvation; but, there were all sorts of little caskets being dragged along to what passed then for mortuaries.
但是,这不再那么有趣了,而这和列宁格勒之围比就相形见绌了,二战时期的大概有一百万人,被活活饿死,但是,巴黎有各种棺材,被拖到太平间去
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Linear A is earlier and it is associated with and it is clearly the language used by the Minoan kings at Knossos and other places.
类线形文字出现得较早,而且它已被确定与克诺索斯或其他地区的,米诺斯时期国王们所使用的语言有一定的关联
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Since in historical Greek times, let us say the fifth century B.C., the people who inhabited the Peloponnesus were mainly speakers of the Greek dialect called Doric.
从有历史记载的希腊时期开始,比如说公元前十五世纪,居住于伯罗奔尼撒的人们,是希腊多利安方言的主要使用者
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Now, the Renaissance city-states of Italy had relatively efficient administrations, to be sure.
有一点应该明确,文艺复兴时期时,意大利的城邦国家就已经出现了相对高效的官僚政府
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There was a time when people were very close to their food.
有一段时期人类与食物的联系很紧密
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Each year it's dramatized by the cycle of the seasons, And at a certain time of the year it seems that The forces of darkness and chaos are prevailing but each spring, Once again, cosmic order and life return.
每年这冲突都由季节的轮回戏剧性地体现出来，仿佛是每年都有一个时期,弥散着黑暗和混乱的势力，可是每当春天来临，宇庙的秩序又恢复了。
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He writes, "Convergence involved the coalescence of various deities, and or some of their features into the figure of Yahweh" There's a period of convergence and blending of the deities.
他写到“集合包括多个神灵的合并，他们的一些特别最终集合于耶和华“,有过一段众神集合混杂的时期。
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It's often fanciful; it relates imaginatively events which it claims Happened in historical time, not in a primordial realm before time, And a myth is designed to explain some kind of practice or ritual or custom or natural phenomenon.
它常常天马行空，关乎一些想象中的事件,它们发生在有历史记载的时期，不是在史前原始王国，所以杜撰故事一般都是来解释一些惯例,或者仪式和风俗或者自然现象。
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Then on the other hand, at the other extreme, you have scholars who see the patriarchal stories as entirely fabricated retrojections of a much later age. And they vary significantly as to when they think these stories were written: anywhere from the period of the monarchy all the way down to the fourth century, some of them.
另一方面又是另一个极端，有学者认为族长故事完全是后世编造的,这样一来，对这些故事是什么时候写的,也有巨大的分歧：,其中一些人认为是在从君主制时期,到公元4世纪之间的某段时候。
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So, the fact that this was a Greek script that was available in the Mycenaean Period tells us very confidently that the Mycenaeans were Greeks.
所以,这个在迈锡尼时期出现的,希腊语书写方法,让我们有足够理由说,迈锡尼人就是希腊人
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I should say all of these dates that I will be giving you are some combination of Greek tradition-- and the Greeks dated these colonies very specifically.
所有我提供的这些时期,有一些参考了古希腊的传统记载,古希腊人对这些殖民地有很明确的记录
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During this Archaic Period,some of the things that happened are these.
在"古风时期",发生的事情有以下一些
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The Greeks of the classical period always thought there was an earlier age that was much better than the age in which they lived, an age in which men were heroes.
古典时期的希腊人认为过去,有一个比他们所处年代,更好的时代,一个英雄辈出的时代
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These would be the very earliest kinds of pots that have geometric designs on them, then comes the geometric period and the orientalizing period; all of these refer to pottery styles.
这些是非常早期的陶锅,上面有一些几何形的图案,之后是"几何时期"和"东方风格"时期,这些都是根据陶器的艺术风格划分的
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this is the period in which the Homeric epics are finally written down now that there is writing and that gives them,I think, even greater impact on the Greek world in the future.
这个时期是就是荷马史诗最终写就的时期,所以那时有了文字,而这对他们,对希腊世界的未来,我认为产生了更大的影响
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The building of buildings in the shape of what the Greeks called a megaron, a rectangular center, which has a hearth in it, a front porch, and a back porch which will be the style in which Greek temples are built in the historical period.
建筑物呈现出希腊人所称的,中央大厅的形状,一个矩形的大厅,有一个壁炉在中间,一个前走廊,和一个后走廊,具有古希腊神庙的风格,修建于有史料记载的时期
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Another characteristic of these years, which scholars refer to as the Dark Ages, just as they do the years after the fall of the Roman Empire-- dark for two reasons. Dark, in the most obvious way, because we don't have any writing, no record of them.
这也是这段时期的另一个特征,学者们称之为,黑暗时代,他们也是这么称呼,罗马帝国陷落后的那段时期的,称黑暗主要有两个原因,黑暗,最明显的理由,是因为我们没有任何关于他们的史料和记录
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Because the Mycenaean centers all reveal for that stretch of time that they're scared. The proof of it comes from strengthening their already quite strong walls in almost all the sites that we see, and also--this is a very important fact.
因为在迈锡尼文明的中心,有迹象表明在一段时期,他们受到了威胁,这样说的证据是,我们发现的几乎所有的遗迹,都在本就很坚固的城墙上继续加固,而且,这是一个很重要的史实
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