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There was nature; now there is culture, which is very much like an event or birth in the older sense.
有了自然，然后就有了文明，这就像从前说的发展或者诞生。
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There are all kinds of things that it might be very useful ; for you to know as an inhabitant of Western civilization; and the New Testament,you might find out, would rank kind of down on the list of those kinds of things.
作为西方文明的一分子,有很多有用的东西可以学;,而新约，你会发现，与这些东西相比，排名比较靠后。
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And then, of course, there's lots of stuff that doesn't have anything to do with the Mycenaean period.
因此也有很多东西,和迈锡尼文明时期无关
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And so there are famous reports of how the Aztecs, that whole civilization, was devastated by smallpox.
有报道说阿兹特克文明如何发达,但这整个文明,都毁灭于天花
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In other words, there is no nature unless you have culture to think it.
换言之，只有用文明来思考它，才有自然这个概念。
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For example, you can't acquire a land that is common property, so people in terms of the American Indians, I feel like they already have civilizations themselves and they were using land in common.
比如，你不能掠夺公共财产，对于印第安人来说，我觉得他们已经有了自己的文明,他们用的就是公共土地。
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The state of nature fully continues, in many ways, oddly even in civil society, he says, whenever we have reason to believe that our lives or our properties or ourselves are not secure.
从很多方面来说，自然状态，即使在文明社会里也显得奇怪，不论我们是否有理由相信我们有生活,生命和财产财产安全的保障。
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Every civilization has had it.
每一个文明都曾经有过
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Now, let me carry on with this by talking about the views of society which are characteristic of the two traditions in Western civilization.
下面我们继续,来谈一下有关于,体现了这两种不同西方文明传统,及其特点的社会观
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He was captivated by it, he--at one point I think he convinced himself that he was a descendant of the kings of that civilization.
他对其如痴如醉,他...我相信有一段时间他甚至将自己,视为那个文明的王室后裔
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There are also differences, sometimes, in the shape of weapons that we find in the Greek World after the Mycenaean Period compared to what are described in Homer's poems.
在武器的设计上有时也有差异,处于后迈锡尼文明的希腊所发现的,武器和《荷马史诗》的描述是不同的
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The culture is marked by some of the following features.
此文明有以下几个特征
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Now, I've been saying kind things about Western civilization, but I would not want to deny that there is a dark side to the western experience and its way of life.
我刚刚一直说的都是西方文明光辉的一面,但我是不得不承认,西方文明,也有它黑暗的一面
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The Mycenaeans had regular trade with Egypt.
迈锡尼文明与埃及有固定的贸易往来
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No, they weren't like that, the Greeks were ahead of them and it's evident that they borrowed stuff from the Greeks in every element of life, although it didn't shape their lives in a potent, fundamental way.
不,他们不是文明的,希腊人比他们先进,也有证据表明,他们从希腊人那里学习了生活中的各种东西,虽然这些并未从根本上,有力地改变他们的生活
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Because the Mycenaean centers all reveal for that stretch of time that they're scared. The proof of it comes from strengthening their already quite strong walls in almost all the sites that we see, and also--this is a very important fact.
因为在迈锡尼文明的中心,有迹象表明在一段时期,他们受到了威胁,这样说的证据是,我们发现的几乎所有的遗迹,都在本就很坚固的城墙上继续加固,而且,这是一个很重要的史实
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So you have trade with the Mediterranean and most especially the eastern Mediterranean, because that's where the older, more sophisticated, more civilized cultures were and that's where wealth was too, compared to what was out in the west.
由此你知道了他们与地中海,特别是地中海东部地区有贸易往来,因为在那里有比西方更古老,更先进,更教化的文明,同时相比西方而言,那里也是富裕之地
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He found it and it was the excavation of the site of Mycenae which was soon followed by the excavation of other sites from the same period that made it possible for people to talk about this culture, even before they could read the script.
他找到了迈锡尼城,并且这次的挖掘之后,又引发了一轮对于,同时期其他遗迹的挖掘活动,而这也让人们在破解他们的文字之前,有了探索此文明的可能性
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