There's something about Los Angeles that's different from Milwaukee and that is that in Los Angeles there's just a history of volatile markets.

洛杉矶与密尔沃基,在某件事上是有差别的,那就是在洛杉矶,不稳定的市场行情已有一段历史了

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So that what's new in Saussure's thinking about the relationship between signified and signifier is that the sign tied up in this relationship is both arbitrary and differential.

这就是索绪尔所贡献的了,能指和所指的关系,也就是符号的组成方式,是任意的，有差别的。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选