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So with his optic glass, his telescope, Galileo was able to discern spots on the orb of the moon.
因此通过他的磁光玻璃，望远镜，伽利略能够分辨出月亮轨道上的斑点。
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There's a second figure here standing ab extra, and that's the moon hovering overhead: "while over-head the Moon / sits Arbitress."
这里有第二个置身事外的角色，就是高高挂在空中的月亮：,“月亮高挂天心，像个公正的决断人“
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There's some religious practices of blessing the moon, and certainly in June, summer camps, you often pray outside.
有一些宗教仪式,是专门祭拜月亮的，在六月的夏令营，我们也会在户外祈祷。
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The moon was compared to Satan's shield, and Milton was preparing us then for this radically ambiguous status of this providential moon.
月亮在这里被比作撒旦的盾，弥尔顿准备着让我们了解到这个充满神意的月亮,所处的基本的暧昧不清的地位。
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Satan's shield is as big as the moon -this is the most common form of simile, epic or otherwise, and it can be schematized.
他的屏障如同月亮一般庞大,-这是最常见的比喻形式，并且还可以再用图表概要化。
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So, this is my question to you: how complete and perfect is the image of Providence that hovers moonlike over the pages of Paradise Lost?
因此，我的问题是：，这里如月亮一般,在的字里行间反复出现的天意的形象,到底是有多么的完整和美好？
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It's not just that Satan or the moon or whatever it is that we're looking at seems indeterminate until we get a proper look at it.
不仅是撒旦或月亮或者任意什么,我们在关注的，看起来非常不确定,直到我们得到了一个合理的想法。
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The simile is there ostensibly to compare Satan with the great sea beast, leviathan. In the comparison of Satan's shield with the moon is the figure of the Tuscan artist, the Tuscan artist being Galileo.
这个明喻很明显是将撒旦和凶猛的海中野兽利维坦，进行了对比，在把撒旦的庇护和月亮的比较之中,突出了那个托斯卡纳艺术家的形象，伽利略。
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That kind of makes sense, but there's more, of course, here than the moon to describe Satan's shield.
这能说得通了，但是除此之外，还有比月亮更适合的类比撒旦的屏障的东西。
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Now you may remember what Geoffrey Hartman had argued that the moon represents the power of divine providence, and there's a lot of ways in which this reading makes sense.
你们可能还记得哈特曼曾经争论过,月亮代表的是神圣的天命的力量，有很多理解这段的方式都是有意义的。
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The uncertain status of divine providence here, I think, is made clear by its figuration as a moon.
这里神圣的天意的不确定的地位，被月亮这个比喻表现的更为清晰。
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So, Galileo here is struggling to get the proper visionary fix on the moon at a point in the day when there are no absolutes.
因此，伽利略在此是试图着要在没有绝对的时刻,得到月亮的方位。
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Okay. First of all, let's look at the simile that compares Satan's shield to the moon.
首先，我们来看看这些将,撒旦的庇护地比作了月亮的明喻。
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It was Galileo's job, you'll remember, with his telescope to detect the otherwise undetectable spots and imperfections in this seemingly, but only seemingly, perfect moon.
你们还记得，通过望远镜，观测到这个看起来，却只是看起来完美无缺的,月亮上的黑点和缺陷，是伽利略要做的。
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The moon, too, was widely believed to be a perfect sphere of fiery ether.
月亮，也广泛的被认为是炽热的天空中完美的球体。
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We're naturally invited to question what force is it that this moon represents.
我们很自然的会想问,月亮代表的是哪一股力量。
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The moon seemed to contain all of the geological imperfections of earth.
月亮似乎包含了,地球所有的地质上的缺陷。
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The question of providential justice is of course of primary significance to Milton's poem, but Hartman goes on to say that the moon, which reminds us of a calm and perfect sense of Providence, also works to guarantee the principal of free will.
这里，关于天佑的公平的问题,是其对于弥尔顿的诗最基本的重要性，但是哈特曼接着又说月亮是，这提醒了我们天意的冷静和完美感，月亮在这儿也是为了保障自由意志的原则。
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It could no longer be said that the moon was perfect.
没人能再说月亮是完美无缺的了。
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Not just that, but the moral certainties that may have seemed distinct when we contrasted the ethereal heaven with the spotty and the imperfect nature of Satan and of the moon -those, too begin to seem fairly hazy.
不仅如此，其中看起来有所不同的,当我们对比天堂和撒旦与月亮的不完美时,其中道德的确定性,-那些令人模糊朦胧的事务，也开始崩塌。
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