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So the link of the conflict will play a stronger role in making the humanitarian issues more important.
因而冲突的纽带将会发挥更大的作用,使得人道主义问题更加重要。
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Now, in writing in these genres, Milton is, of course, confronted with a dilemma. He's a humanist scholar.
当然，弥尔顿用这种风格来写，就会面临一种窘境，他是一位人文主义学者。
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Of course, once we get to feminism, feminism will have certain ideas of its own about the vertical axis.
当然，谈到女性主义时，女性主义会对竖轴有自己的解读。
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And in between these two extremes are the moderates, " who say, "For some of us, " death comes too soon.
在这两种极端观点之间是温和主义，他们会说，“对于某些人，“死亡来得太早。
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Why do we have the Renaissance, the baroque period the classical period, the romantic period and so on?
为什么我们会有文艺复兴时期,巴洛克时期,古典主义时期,浪漫主义时期
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Who's to say, a Benthamite might argue, who is to say which of these pleasures, whose pleasures are higher, worthier, nobler than others?
边沁主义者也许会问，谁能说这些快乐中，谁的更高级，更有价值或者更高贵呢？
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People exposed to death primes become more nationalistic, more patriotic, less forgiving of other people, less liking of other races and people from other countries.
处于死亡意念促发下的个体,会具有更强烈的民族主义和爱国主义倾向，较少原谅他人，对于来自其他国家的其他种族,或人民不那么友好。
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The antiquity of a law alone is no justification for its usage. Aristotle seems to reject you might say Burkean conservatism long before the time.
法律的古老性不能作为其用法的借口,亚里士多德似乎事先拒绝,你可能会说柏克式的保守主义,古老与传统并不能。
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The doctrine of progress I'm simply saying has always bred its contradictions.
我只是想说,进步主义,总是会带来负面的影响
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I'd like also to talk about religious relativism.
我也会讲到，“宗教相对主义“
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Gadamer believes that historicism forgets the possibility of being taught something by past-ness or otherness.
伽达默尔认为历史主义忘记了,我们会从过去性和他性中学到一些东西的可能性。
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So that might tempt you into saying the mind on the physicalist view is just a brain.
这可能会让你觉得心灵,在物理主义那里就是大脑
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Notice the importance -and we'll come back to it-- of the word "dominant": "the dominant" in the thinking of the Russian formalists and the struggle for dominance among species in a habitat.
注意这个词的重要性,我们还会讲到，支配，这个词：,俄国形式主义者所说的支配,和物种间争夺栖息地的支配。
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Now, you may say this doesn't amount to a very limited government, and the libertarian may complain Locke is not such a terrific ally after all.
现在或许你会说，这并不算真正有限的政府，而自由主义者会抱怨洛克并不算他们的好盟友。
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There you would really think the formalists are on thin ice.
你会发现形式主义者的论点在这里如履薄冰。
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The physicalist will say, "Look, that aspect of the mental is pretty clear.
物理主义者会说,精神的那个方面已经很清楚了
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He is teaching a kind of, we will find out, a kind of hard-headed realism Polemarchus that expresses disgust at Polemarchus' talk about loyalty and friendship and the like.
他教授一种，我们稍后会发现，一种冷静的现实主义,表达出对,忠诚与友谊之类谈话的厌恶。
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.. So that death-- they're optimists in this strange sense, if they think life would've been good, which means of course that that we die is bad for us.
所以死亡-,在这种奇怪意义上他们是乐观主义者，如果他们认为活着本来会很美好，那意味着死亡是件坏事。
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In other words, replacing the shortest distance between two points that we experience in a practical message, "literariness," as the formalists call it, or "poetic language," as they also sometimes call it and as the New Critics certainly call it, slows us down.
也就是说，实用语言以最短的距离,联系两点，而文学性，如形式主义者所称，或诗意的语言，他们有时也会这么叫,新批评派成员一定会这么称呼，使我们的理解速度慢了下来。
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So, what they do now though, and we'll talk about this much later in the course but one cure for phobias does draw upon, in a more intelligent way, the behaviorist literature.
而如今治疗恐惧症的方法，我们会在后面讲到临床心理学的时候,人们依据行为主义的文献，从一种更加聪明的角度出发，提出了一种恐惧症治疗方法。
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Although Hobbes is widely taken to be a defender of monarchical absolutism, you will note, in your readings, that he displays a kind of studied neutrality over actually what form the sovereign should take.
尽管霍布斯被广泛地认为是,君主专制主义的维护者，但在阅读中你们会发现，他对国家应当采用何种政体,是保持中立姿态的。
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A behaviorist might admit that a human can do things that a rat or pigeon couldn't but a behaviorist might just say, "Look. Those are just general associative powers " that differ" Or they may even deny it.
行为主义者可能会承认人类能够做到,一些老鼠或鸽子无法做到的事情,但他们或许只会说，“它们只不过是在一般性联想学习能力上,有所差异而已“,甚至他们干脆否认。
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If I told you that I decided to buy a greyhound instead of a pit bull because I wanted a dog of a gentle temperament, nobody would scream that I'm a dog racist involving--and--but honestly, it's a stereotype.
如果我告诉你我决定,买一条灵缇犬，而不是斗牛犬,因为我想要一条温驯的狗，没有人会说我是狗品种主义者,但说实话，这就是刻板印象。
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There has been study after study showing that people in the military who were otherwise, for instance, racists after working with people of different races liked them more because you had all of the right ingredients.
不断地有研究表明,在军队里，以前是种族主义者的人,和不同种族的人合作后，会更喜欢他们,因为军队里都包含了这些促成因素。
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You can find a whole- you can sort of find a deep and abiding kind of American nationalism still in a lot of these budding Southern patriots, even by the 1850s, especially when they get scared about what secession might actually mean.
你会发现,可以说你会发现一种深层持久的,美国民族主义仍旧根植于许多,南方爱国者们心中,甚至到十九世纪五十年代还是如此,特别是当他们开始害怕,脱离联邦会导致何种不可预料的结果
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There's nothing mysterious from the physicalist perspective about the idea that a physical object can break.
对于物理主义来说,物体会损坏是微不足道的
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So in formalist terms, that's the way we have to understand what, if we weren't formalists, we would suppose, as I say, to be a mnemotechnical device for the purpose of communicating something about the weather in Spain. Right?
形式主义者会这样理解，但如果我们不是形式主义者，我们就会认为这个重复单纯是为了,记住西班牙的天气，对吗？
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So Joe I would say, what would you call yourself, a compassionate quasi-libertarian?
乔，你会如何称呼自己，慈悲的自由主义者吗？
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That seems like the natural proposal for the physicalist to make.
似乎物理主义者很自然会得出。
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And if you were a utilitarian, what would you do?
如果你是个功利主义者，你会怎么办？
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