And according to Klawans and others, ritual impurity arises from physical substances and states which are not in themselves sinful.

据克洛文和其他人所说，仪式的不洁是由自身有罪的,物质和状态引起的。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

How can we prevent murderous schoolyard violence in children who have access to weapons,poor parental supervision, and a mean streak?"

如何防止校园暴力,这些暴力事件通常是由掌握武器，缺乏父母监管，或受到教唆的孩子引起的“

哈佛公开课 - 幸福课课程节选

The whole category of diarrheal diseases, caused by viruses called enteroviruses, where they, it infects your gut.

所有种类的腹泻,都是由肠道病毒引起的,它们感染了肠道

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We are also put in mind of how the war is, in fact, anything but a revel, though it, too, may have been provoked by a cause as insignificant and hard to trace as "some wizard vermin."

我们同样也思考事实上战争，只是一场狂欢，尽管它有可能,是由一个毫不重要难以追踪的“一些害虫“引起的“

耶鲁公开课 - 现代诗歌课程节选

So yes. The cause has been innorthently borned by certain nations.

是的，战争是由几个国家引起的。

普林斯顿公开课 - 国际座谈会课程节选

Now there are two types of diabetes, as you may know, there's Type I Diabetes which is a genetic abnormality that usually shows up in childhood or adolescents where people are dependent on insulin.

你们可能知道,糖尿病有两种类型,Ⅰ型糖尿病是由基因异常引起的,在儿童和青少年中较为多见,患这种病需要长期依赖胰岛素

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

It is the thumos that is the cause of-- that should be the cause of your shame at slowing down to look.

那便是由，Thumos，所引起-,那应是你慢下观看时,感到羞耻的原因。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Usually this is a disease that's caused by a defect in a single gene.

通常在疾病是由,单基因缺陷引起时才可行

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That little J shaped curve is explained primarily by cigarette smoking because that keeps weight down in people, it also makes people sick so that their weight gets low because of that, and it explains the high rates of the disease risk there.

这个小J形曲线主要是由吸烟引起的,因为吸烟一方面能让体重降低,另一方面也引起疾病,疾病让人们的体重下降,这也解释了这里的高患病风险

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选