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That is to say, what we're taking up this week, is as much really the history of criticism as literary theory.
也就是说，我们这周要讲的，与其说是文学理论，不如说是文学评论的历史。
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It's also that knowledge that an educated, sort of belletristic reader of The Saturday Review of Literature would be very, very familiar with.
这也是受过教育，某种研究文学且是,《周六文学评论》的读者所十分熟悉的知识。
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Dr. Samuel Johnson the greatest of all eighteenth-century literary critics is absolutely flabbergasted that Milton would have these brothers do something so stupid.
8世纪最伟大的文学评论家塞缪尔约翰逊博士,非常大吃一惊,弥尔顿居然会让小姐的弟弟干这些蠢事。
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All right. Now the question, "How does literary theory relate to the history of criticism?"
现在我们来思考这个问题：,“文学理论和评论的历史有什么联系？
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I thought you wrote excellently, too In political science, you've had some literary criticism and some sociology.
我觉得你写得也很好,你学的是政治科学，也学过一些,文学评论和社会学。
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At times, we will play the historian, at times we will be literary critics.
有时，我们会从历史学家的角度来看，有时，会像文学评论家。
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That makes the subject matter that we'll be discussing this week, as I say, as much a part of the history of criticism as it is of literary theory.
这样一来，我们这周的内容就变得至关重要了，就像我说过的那样，我们将学习到文学理论方面,乃至评论史上重要的一章。
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Okay. Famously, Dr. Johnson couldn't bear this poem, Lycidas - Dr. Johnson, the greatest of all literary critics of the eighteenth century.
好的，众所周知，约翰逊博士受不了《利西达斯》这首诗,-约翰逊博士，18世纪最伟大的文学评论家。
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There has to be something more here than merely Johnson's massive blunder as a literary critic.
作为文学评论家，约翰逊是大错特错了,但他还是能给我们一些启发。
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What's new in theory is the element of skepticism that literary criticism by and large which is usually affirming a canon of some sort doesn't reflect.
这新内容就是怀疑主义元素,它是文学评论,所不具备的,文学评论总是坚持某种原则。
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Literary theory loses something that literary criticism just takes for granted.
有一样东西在文学评论是理所当然的,而文学理论却没有。
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It's a course which is absolutely fascinating in all sorts of ways, and it has one very important thing in common with literary theory: that is to say, literary criticism is, too, perpetually concerned with the definition of literature.
这门课在各方面都很棒，而且它与文学理论有一个重要的相似之处：,即文学评论也永远会关注，文学的定义问题。
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It is really going to give you a whole packaged reading of Franny and Zooey.We have just the one day on this novel, and what I'm going to be doing for you is modeling the way literary critics use evidence to advance an argument.
实际上，我从整体上全面的给你们讲解这部小说,关于这部小说我们只有一天的时间，我将要做的是为你们建立起,文学评论家使用例子来论证的模式。
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this is what I get paid to do and it's this type of signifying gap that compels us as literary critics to dive in and to begin to explore.
这就是我被付薪水去干的事,正是这种重要的缺口,迫使我们像文学评论家般去潜心钻研。
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Many of the issues that I raised in talking about defining literature are as relevant for literary criticism as they are for literary theory, and yet we all instinctively know that these are two very different enterprises.
当讨论文学的定义时，我提出的许多问题,对于文学理论和文学评论都同样相关，但我们都知道,它们是两个不同的概念。
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Of course--and you know this to be the case from like any literary critic who ever tried to write an analysis of anything, Chudleigh has no choice but to nudge the lines that she's quoting out of context.
当然--你们写完英语系的论文,就像任何文学评论家尝试评论任何观点时，恰德莱不得不对她所引用的,弥尔顿的话断章取义。
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You remember in the first lecture I said there's a difference between the history of criticism and theory of literature, one difference being that the history of criticism has a great deal to do with literary evaluation: that is to say, why do we care about literature and how can we find means of saying that it's good or not good?
你们还记得吗，第一节课我说过,文学评论历史和文学理论有一个重大区别，那就是文学评论的历史,很大程度上与文学评估有关：,意思就是我们为什么要关心文学,还有我们怎么能说一部作品是好还是坏？
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There's a wonderful work of literary criticism -- I mentioned it last time --on Milton's indebtedness to Spenser in the book by John Guillory called Poetic Authority.
有一篇很棒的文学评论-,上次我提到了--关于弥尔顿对Spenser的感激,在约翰·久乐锐所著《诗人权威》中。
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You can see that when Wimsatt and Beardsley talk about the "success" of the poem, they understand the whole critical enterprise, - including its theoretical underpinnings-- the question of what is a poem, - the question of how should we best read it-- to be still geared toward literary evaluation.
大家应该发现，当文萨特与比尔兹利谈到,诗歌创作的“成功“一词时，他们完全理解了文学评论体系，这包括适用于文学评估的理论根基-,就是那些关于什么是诗歌，还有我们如何解读的问题-,这些都对文学评估很重要。
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