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We all know about "Liebestod" in "Tristan and Isolde," the moments of death in literature which obviously are sexually charged.
我们都知道李斯特创作的《崔斯坦和伊索德》中“,文学中的死亡瞬间由性管控。
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Yeah, yeah. So, basically in Classics, we read sort of great works in Greek and Latin and discuss them.
好，行。我主修古典文学，我们要阅读希腊语和拉丁语的名著然后讨论。
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We then promised to move to an emphasis on psychological matters, and finally social and cultural determinants of literature.
然后我们把重点转移到了心理学，最后还讨论了社会和文化对文学的决定因素。
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It had been my accidental reading of fiction and literary criticism that had invoked in me vague glimpses of life's possibilities.
我偶尔会读小说和文学评述,这让我隐约地窥探到,生活的可能性，“
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I see this as a course that's an introduction to the literature of a period, to modern poetry.
我觉得，这只是一门引导性课程,引导大家关注某一时期的文学创作和现代诗歌。
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The language of Homer and of Virgil and of Pindar and of Ovid had become an inextricable part of his literary imagination and of his consciousness in general.
荷马，维吉尔，品达尔和奥维德的语言,成为弥尔顿文学想象还有文学觉悟中,无法摆脱的一部分。
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He's a Montague, you know, like the Hatfields and the McCoys,the warring families two lovers, it's as old as literature that's here.
他姓蒙克特，你们都知道，就像是哈特菲尔德和麦科伊，敌对的家族,两个爱人，和这古老的文学一样。
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And I majored in English History and Literature, but I was interested in the 16th and 17th centuries.
我当时主攻的是英国历史和文学，而我感兴趣的是十七和十八世纪。
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I thought you wrote excellently, too In political science, you've had some literary criticism and some sociology.
我觉得你写得也很好,你学的是政治科学，也学过一些,文学评论和社会学。
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He was up for the Nobel Prize in medicine and in literature; didn't get either one of them; didn't get the prize in medicine because Albert Einstein-- Everybody loves Albert Einstein.
他曾获得过诺贝尔医学奖和文学奖的提名;,但却都未能最终获奖;,没能获得诺贝尔医学奖则是因为爱因斯坦-,大家都喜欢爱因斯坦。
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And once we rid ourselves of the burden of historicity, we're free to appreciate the stories for what they are: powerful, powerful narratives that must be read against the literary conventions of their time, and whose truths are social, political, moral and existential.
曾经我们将自己从史实性的负担中解放出来，我们,以故事原本的样子自由地欣赏它们：强大的，强大的叙事,必须能冲破那个时代的文学惯例和社会、政治、,道德及实存的真实而被解读。
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Sure. So, I went to the University of Toronto where I studied English Literature and Classical Civilizations.
当然可以。我在多伦多大学上学，在那儿我学习英国文学和古典文化。
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to be familiar with the major works and thinkers and literature, music, and art of, uh, Western history.
了解西方历史上主要著作、思想家、文学、音乐和艺术。
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In some ways the most distinctive literature America has is a kind of Southern literature, white and black.
在某种程度上,美国最有特点的文学,就是一种南方文学,关于白人和黑人
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And I'm also really interested in literature in general not just Greek and Latin by any means.
而且我对文学很感兴趣。这种兴趣不仅仅局限于希腊和拉丁文学。
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But I'm in the College of Letters and Sciences. That's the biggest one on campus.
我在文学和科学学院，这是学校最大的学院。
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I think you need literature and philosophy to have uh, a good soul.
如果你想拥有健全的灵魂，你需要学习文学和哲学。
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This question of determinism is as important in the discourse of literary theory as the question of skepticism.
在文学理论的话语中,决定论的问题和怀疑论的问题是同等重要的。
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Now I want to really clarify for you what I mean by this term "modernism." It just means the art and literature of the early twentieth century, especially the "high art," although its roots are definitely in the nineteenth century, especially the French nineteenth century, fiction and poetry.
现在我特别想向大家解释清楚,“现代主义“到底是什么意思，它其实就是指,20世界早期的艺术和文学作品，特别是高雅艺术“,尽管它起源于19世纪，特别是19世纪法国的小说和诗歌。
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The rebellious artist Milton and the rebellious astronomer Galileo are continually threatening to lapse into some sort of identity with Satan himself.
叛逆的艺术家弥尔顿，和同样叛逆的天文学家伽利略,不断的陷入某种对撒旦的确认的,危险之中。
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All right. Now the question, "How does literary theory relate to the history of criticism?"
现在我们来思考这个问题：,“文学理论和评论的历史有什么联系？
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This is part of what I find so compelling about fiction and literature in general in this period.
这是我所找到的这个时期,小说和文学通常引人注目,的原因之一。
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I mean as an undergraduate, I majored in a field -Harvard still has it-- called History and Literature.
我在本科时，专业是,历史和文学，哈佛还有这个专业。
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Hamas is a word that literally means violence, bloodshed, but also all kinds of injustice and oppression.
哈马斯在文学中是暴力，血腥，各种压迫和不公平的意思。
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So the criterion is: is it relevant to the unified form that we as critics are trying to realize in the text?
所以，这里的标准是：,隐含的意义是否和文本的一致性有关,而这正是我们作为文学批评家,要通过文本实现的？
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Very frequently, as is the case in Gadamer, this meaning is called "the subject matter": that is to say, what--in thinking about literature in terms of form and content, let's say--we'd call "content."
高达美，又把这一含义称为主题：,当我们研究文学的,形式和内容方面时，主题即内容“
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Though he sometimes does talk about texts that we call "literary," indeed he very often does, nevertheless Derrida's position and the logic of that position suggest that we can't really reliably discriminate among genres.
尽管他有时确实会讨论被我们称为“文学“的文本“,事实上他经常如此，然而德里达的立场和他立场的逻辑,是我们不能够明确地划分文学的体裁。
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You get the idea that everything arises from the extraordinary mental acuity or spiritual insight of an author and that what needs to be understood about literature is the genius of its production.
你发现一切,都源自这些作者的敏锐头脑和深刻见解,关于文学，你需要理解的,是这些天才的作品。
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Many of the issues that I raised in talking about defining literature are as relevant for literary criticism as they are for literary theory, and yet we all instinctively know that these are two very different enterprises.
当讨论文学的定义时，我提出的许多问题,对于文学理论和文学评论都同样相关，但我们都知道,它们是两个不同的概念。
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But the parting genius is also a part of Milton's own genius, his literary genius, that aspect of his literary career and his literary expertise that has been nourished and fed, lovingly fed, by classical literature.
但这些逝去的天赋也是弥尔顿的天赋的一部分，还有他的文学事业方面的天赋,和被古典文学，深深滋养的才能。
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