By the same token, if literature has effects, it must have effects on someone, and this gives rise to the equally interesting and vexing question, "What is a reader?"

同样，如果文学史有影响的，它一定会对某些人产生影响，它也会引出一个同样有趣,而恼人的问题，“读者是谁？“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

In other words, once you start thinking about the evanescence of dominance, you're also thinking about literary history.

也就是说，每一种文学支配地位的消失，形成了文学史。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

After that, I began a series of readings of novels that emphasized more what you might call the history of literature, the history of literature's forms and ambitions.

在那之后，我讲了一系列的,强调文学史，关于文学形式和理想的，历史的小说阅读。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

There's a rich vein of literary history which insists on their interchangeability.

文学史上很多人都,支持这二者是可以互换的。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

If you are reminded here by the passage of Tynjanov that I gave you where he makes the distinction between literary history as evolving and literary history as modified by outside circumstances, I think it would be a legitimate parallel.

如果你们可以会想起我以前让你们读的提尼亚诺夫,那篇区分作为演变和,由外界因素改造的文学史的文章，那么一切就合乎逻辑了。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选