What's new in theory is the element of skepticism that literary criticism by and large which is usually affirming a canon of some sort doesn't reflect.

这新内容就是怀疑主义元素,它是文学评论,所不具备的,文学评论总是坚持某种原则。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

All of that is the legacy of literary theory, and as I say, it arises in part from the element of skepticism that I thought it best to emphasize today.

这都是文学理论的遗产，我说过，它部分源自于怀疑论元素,我想最好在今天强调一下。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

It poses other kinds of difficulty, let's say; but in the case of fiction, in order to be engaged, in order to enter the hermeneutic circle properly, we need the element of surprise, as I say, as a way of distinguishing between fiction and nonfiction.

它的确带来了其它困难，我们可以这样说;,但是在读文学时，为了投入进去，为了合适地进入解释循环，我们需要“惊讶“这个元素，正如我所说，作为区分文学和非文学的一点。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选