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What did we lose in our understanding of it as a literary object when the second half was not published?
将它置于文学作品之列来理解时,我们失去了什么？,书的后半部分没出版时？
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Does Milton only seem powerful because he has the force or the strength of the age-old literary canon behind him?
他之所以看起来充满力量,是因为身后的作品被人们奉为文学经典呢？
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no surprise] as we refer to the objects they are meant to present - a defect in a literary text."
当我们讲到它们所想要表现的东西时,但这正是文学作品的一个缺点“
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Every written thing usually moves left to right so I'm going to hear this moving left to right.
文学作品里一般是从左到右,所以我听到它从左到右开过来
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Why were some books--there were a lot more early Christian pieces of literature that we know of.
为什么这些书卷。。。据我们所知,早期基督教有大量文学作品。
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A second finding building on the first is that we form impressions very fast, very quickly, and this is a literature known as "thin slices."
根据第一个发现，我们有了第二个发现,那就是第一印象形成得非常快，有一部文学作品叫《薄片》
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We should approach the book, in other words, not as we might a treatise, but as we might approach a work of literature or drama.
我们切入本书的角度，换句话来说，不应视其为论述，而是要将其视为,一部文学或戏剧作品。
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There's an extraordinary literature, the close concurrent, the close competition for that, the richest literature would be the Spanish Civil War with Orwell, and Borkenau and Brennan.
还有一类好的文学作品,能和一战类一拼高下的,争夺最丰富文学奖,应该就是西班牙内战,有奥威尔,博克南和布伦南
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Nabokov When we moved on to Nabokov, we had an author trying to imagine a work of art so autonomous from the world that it could be something like an autonomous form of life.
接下来我们说了，这是一位试图将文学作品想象为发自世界,以至于成为生活的一种自主形式的作家。
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Look at the literature.
看一下文学作品
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And this confusion, I think, has everything to do with the fact that this is no ordinary moral that we have in this work of literature.
我认为这种惶惑，是跟一个事实有关的,就是在这部文学作品中没有我们的普通道德。
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He is exclusively concerned with fiction and how we read fiction, how we come to understand fiction, and how we determine the meaning of a work of fiction.
他只关注文学，以及我们怎样读文学，怎样来理解文学，怎样确定一部文学作品的意义。
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But first we need to establish a few things about the occasion for this piece and about the genre, the literary genre of the mask in general.
但首先我们必须建立一些,关于此作品与流派，一般文学体裁《面具》的场合。
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It's neither in the text nor in the reader but the result of the negotiation back and forth between the text and the reader, he says, that sort of brings the literary work into existence in a virtual space.
它不在文本中，也不在读者的视域中,而在反复阅读文本和读者的视域之中，他说，那样会把文学作品,放到一个虚拟的空间中去。
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If you have to interpret it, it isn't any good.
如果文学作品需要解读，那么它就不是一部好作品。
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Freud believed that literature and fairy tales and stories to children and the like carried certain universal themes, certain aspects of unconscious struggles, and certain preoccupations of our unconscious mind.
弗洛伊德认为文学作品，童话故事,儿童读物之类的东西,都含有某个一般性的主题，某些方面的无意识冲突，以及某种无意识偏见。
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What follows, it seems to me, is one of the most staggeringly beautiful, wonderful, amazing riffs on a passage of literature that you can encounter.
接下来这段节选，我认为，是你们能读到的文学作品里,最美妙，最惊艳的段子。
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All of Iser's work is grounded in the notion of literature as fiction.
伊瑟尔的所有作品持有文学即虚构的概念。
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You get the idea that everything arises from the extraordinary mental acuity or spiritual insight of an author and that what needs to be understood about literature is the genius of its production.
你发现一切,都源自这些作者的敏锐头脑和深刻见解,关于文学，你需要理解的,是这些天才的作品。
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We never even hear about "poetry."
文学作品“，甚至不会说“诗歌“
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Now I want to really clarify for you what I mean by this term "modernism." It just means the art and literature of the early twentieth century, especially the "high art," although its roots are definitely in the nineteenth century, especially the French nineteenth century, fiction and poetry.
现在我特别想向大家解释清楚,“现代主义“到底是什么意思，它其实就是指,20世界早期的艺术和文学作品，特别是高雅艺术“,尽管它起源于19世纪，特别是19世纪法国的小说和诗歌。
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The lady's refusal to drink of Comus' cup was just the first of Milton's attempts to bring the action of ingestion to the very center of a literary work.
拒绝司酒宴之神的杯子的女士,是弥尔顿第一次尝试把摄取食物的行动,注入到文学作品的中心去。
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It's the model of investment and profit that characterized so many of Milton's own early writings, including that promise, you'll remember, to his fellow Englishmen that he would one day produce a work of literature that his countrymen would not willingly let die.
这是一种投资模式和带有很多弥尔顿早期写作特征的收益,它包括了那个诺言，你们应该记得,那个诺言指他说有一天要为自己的追随者们写一篇文学作品,他的同胞们不希望这个诺言落空。
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And that may bring up chances to talk about literature also.
期间会有机会讨论文学作品。
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With nonfiction, we don't want to be surprised.
在读非文学作品时，我们不需要惊讶。
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You remember in the first lecture I said there's a difference between the history of criticism and theory of literature, one difference being that the history of criticism has a great deal to do with literary evaluation: that is to say, why do we care about literature and how can we find means of saying that it's good or not good?
你们还记得吗，第一节课我说过,文学评论历史和文学理论有一个重大区别，那就是文学评论的历史,很大程度上与文学评估有关：,意思就是我们为什么要关心文学,还有我们怎么能说一部作品是好还是坏？
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