And this is called photoelectron spectroscopy, and essentially what it is is very similar conceptually to what we were talking about way back in the first couple lectures when we were talking about the photoelectric effect.

也就是光电子能谱，从本质上来讲,这项技术,与我们在最开始的几节课上讲的,光电效应在概念上非常相似。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, one difference between photoelectron spectroscopy and, for example, the photoelectric effect is that in this case, we're not just looking at one energy level, which is what we were looking at from the surface of a metal, now we're talking about this gaseous atom.

光电子能谱与光电效应的不同点在于，以这种情况为例，我们不只关心一个能级，就像原来在金属表面那样，现在我们研究的是气体原子，所以，我们可以从原子中。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

It gets enhanced because when insulin binds to the insulin receptor, it activates the receptor.

这种增强效应来自于,胰岛素与胰岛素受体结合后,就激活了该受体

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It has many of the opposite effects that insulin has, so not only does insulin go down and stop these behaviors but a new hormone called glucagon gets produced which reinforces that change.

它产生的很多效应都与胰岛素相反,所以不仅是胰岛素的减少,导致血糖水平停止下降,胰高血糖素这种新激素的产生,也会强化该效应

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选