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These are long-term government bonds and I--now these are--since they're long-term, they have some uncertainty and variability to them.
这些是长期政府债券,由于它们是长期的，就存在不确定性和变化性。
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It probably has some risk, but the way we approximate things in finance, we take the government as riskless.
它可能存在一定的风险，但在金融学上，我们忽略其风险，将政府债券看作无风险。
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If the Fed wants to push the Federal Funds Rate up and down it goes and buys short-term government bonds.
如果联邦希望推动,联邦资金利率上升下降,它将会去买短期的政府债券。
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What these do is they insure the bond-- they insure the investor against the municipality failing to pay on the bond.
他们的业务是为市政债券保险,他们确保政府当局,有能力向投资者进行赔付
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So there's not a lot of room in the government bond market or other high-quality bond markets to generate excess returns.
所以对于政府债券或者优质债券,超额收益的空间不大
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The U.S. Government also issues small denomination debt to individuals to help them called savings bonds, but we aren't talking about those.
美国政府也发行小面值债券,用于面向个人,叫做长期储蓄债券,我们今天不涉及这些
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It is showing since the U.S. Government issues these bonds, it's showing its data on these bonds.
这里显示了,因为这些债券是美国政府发行的,所以这里显示了这些债券发行的数据
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The pink line takes two assets, one is stocks and the other is bonds, actually government bonds.
粉色线包含两种资产的投资组合，一个股票，另一个是债券，实际上是政府债券。
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The U.S. Government is a big issuer of discount bonds and they're called Treasury bills.
美国政府是贴现债券的大发行商,这些被称为国库券
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Now, the problem is that if you invest in bonds from some state or local government, they might not pay you back; they can just go bankrupt.
现在的问题是如果你投资了,州或者地方政府发行的债券,他们可能无法支付,他们可能会破产
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The thought was that the central bank is guarding the money stock and governments have a tendency to sometimes want to raid the bank when they're in trouble.
观点是,中央银行在保护金融债券,而政府当看到,银行陷入困境时,有查抄这家银行的倾向。
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We refer to the bonds that they issue as municipal bonds.
地方政府发行的债券称为市政债券
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They deal with, principally, state and local governments who are issuing bonds to raise money for their activities, like New Haven, for example, or any other state or local government.
他们主要与,州和当地政府打交道,这些政府机构通过发行债券筹资,例如纽黑文市,或者其他的州,或者其他的当地政府
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The government bond, you don't have to worry about default.
对于政府债券,不必担心会有违约风险
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If we have an annual return that we're looking at, we can find a completely riskless asset with an annual return-- it would be a government bond that matures in one year.
如果我们可以查看各项资产的年度收益，我们可以找到一个零风险,且达到预期年度收益的资产项目-,也许是一年期的政府债券。
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But, when you move from lending money to the government -either short-term with bills or longer term with bonds -to investing in the equity market, there's a stunning difference in terms of the returns.
当你转变投资方式,从借钱给政府,即通过短期债券或长期债券的形式,变成投资于股票市场,回报率的差别会大到让你吃惊
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We call an instrument of the U.S. Treasury with a maturity less than or equal to one year--we call that a bill and they used to be the only discount bonds issued by the U.S. Government.
我们把期限小于或等于一年的,国库券品种称为短期国库券,它们曾是美国政府,唯一发行的贴现债券
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What they did instead of just-remember the Federal Funds Rate is a target interest rate that the Fed attempts to hit through buying and selling treasury bills in the U.S. or in other countries buying and selling government bonds to affect the market.
他们真正做的事-记住,联邦资金利率是,美联储试图通过在美国,买进和卖出国库券,或在其他国家买进和卖出政府债券,来影响市场的目标利率。
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The shortest term debt instrument in the United States is the Federal Funds Rate, which is an overnight rate--one day maturity-- and the longest issued by the Government is a thirty-year government bond, which will be repaid three decades in the future.
美国最短期的债券,是联邦基金利率,隔夜拆兑,一天到期,而时间最长的国债,是一种三十年期的政府债券,未来三十年才兑现
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The British Government issued those consols in the early 1700s and, while they were refinanced in the late nineteenth century, they're still there. If you want to go out and buy one, you can get on your laptop right after this lecture and buy one of them.
英国政府,在十八世纪初就推出了这份债券,当他们在十九世纪再融资的时候,公债仍然有售,如果你想去买一份的话,你可以在这堂课后用笔记本电脑,买一份公债
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