It's very expensive when you take into account not only the direct costs, but also the costs that you pay advisors to help you make these decisions.

非常昂贵,不仅需要考虑直接成本,还要考虑,支付给帮你做决策的顾问们的费用

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

It's going to be that if my preferred beer flavor is here say, this is me, my preferred beer flavor is here, then if I end up having to consume Guinness, I have to pay the price of Guinness and I also incur some costs because Guinness isn't the perfect beer for me, it's a little bit too strong.

它变成,如果我喜爱的啤酒味道,如果是我的话,我喜欢的啤酒味道在这,然后如果我最后不得不选择吉尼斯,我必须要支付吉尼斯的价格并且,我还会支出一些成本,因为吉尼斯不是我最爱的啤酒,它太强了

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

If I consume Bud Light, then I have to pay for the Bud Light, I think it typically costs less, the price, the raw price is less than Guinness but I also pay an additional cost from the fact that Bud Light, when I drink it, causes me "disutility": we'll put it politely like that.

如过我买百威淡啤酒,我必须要支付百威淡啤酒的价格,我想它会便宜点,原材料的价格比吉尼斯低,但我同样要支付附加成本因为百威淡啤酒,当我喝它的时候,味道一般,我表达得委婉一点

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

If he enters the election and he wins the election then his payoff is B because he entered C, --sorry B because he won, C because he had to pay his election expense.

如果他参加选举并且获胜,那么他的收益是B,因为他参选,C,对不起,B,因为他获胜,C,因为他要支付选举成本

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选