The children were chosen at random but the children who were described as showing-- as expected to show a jump in IQ, in fact, did show a jump in their IQ scores and this isn't magic.

这些孩子都是随机挑选的,那些被说成很聪明的孩子-,老师期望他们的智力会有大提高，结果他们的智力真的大大提高了,这并不是魔法。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

They told him that if earnings go up-- we try to keep a target payout ratio-- but if earnings suddenly shoot up, we're not going to increase our dividends right away because that would set too high an expectation and we don't want to have to cut it.

他们告诉他,如果收益提高,我们会努力维持既定的股利发放率,但如果收益大涨,我们不会马上提高股利,因为这样会导致过高的期望,我们也不想降低股利

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选