This is what Tynjanov says: In formalist historiography, the prime significance of major social factors is not at all discarded.

提尼亚诺夫这样说：,在形式主义者编写历史时，并没有完全忽略主要社会力量的重要性。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

It's important in Darwinian terms to have it in the back of our minds, and that's what Tynjanov is insisting on.

它是达尔文主义的重要特征，也是提尼亚诺夫坚持的。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

To which there could many answers at the Battle of Mantinea, but it seems there's a much easier answer.

曼提尼亚战役可能会给我们很多答案,但以下的回答可能是最直接的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Thucydides has an interesting passage in there, in which he says that the Spartans win the Battle of Mantinea and Thucydides says that the Spartans did not pursue the hoplite.

关于这一点,修昔底德有段精彩的论述,在讲斯巴达人赢得曼提尼亚战役时提到过,他说,斯巴达人不追击敌人

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

If you are reminded here by the passage of Tynjanov that I gave you where he makes the distinction between literary history as evolving and literary history as modified by outside circumstances, I think it would be a legitimate parallel.

如果你们可以会想起我以前让你们读的提尼亚诺夫,那篇区分作为演变和,由外界因素改造的文学史的文章，那么一切就合乎逻辑了。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选