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Now in addition to defining literature, literary theory also asks questions obviously not unrelated but which open up the field somewhat.
除了定义文学以外，文学理论还提出一些,显然不是不相关，却开辟了新领域的问题。
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Scholars have proposed three possible models to explain the formation of Israel. The first is an immigration model.
学者们提出了三种可能的模型,来解释以色列的形成，第一种是移民模式。
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He came up with the relationship that nu bar, which is called wave number --He found the reciprocal.
他也提出了它们与波数的关系，波数是波长的倒数。
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And I want to get at that question of embarrassment, because it comes up very explicitly on page 36.
我还想讲一下刚才那个关于难堪的问题，因为在第36页明确提出了这个问题。
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But this is where for lack of a better term non-western countries really formally challenged at the highest levels and the lowest, too.
之所以这么说，是因为找不到更好的表达方式了,这表明非西方国家,从最高层面和最低层面都提出了挑战。
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So he came up with the ideas that led to the idea of Lewis structures in the very early 1900's.
他就提出了这个想法,进而发展出了路易斯结构在二十世纪初。
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So, Hartman and Fish have forwarded two perfectly ingenious theories of Milton's similes, and they've had a tremendous impact, rightly, on generations now of readers of Milton.
所以，哈特曼和费什提出了两个相当聪明的理论,给弥尔顿的两代读者，留下了深远的影响。
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This is by the way--just because one can make this claim and, I think, make it stick in certain cases, doesn't mean that the proposition is any less outrageous.
还要指出的是 就算有人提出了这种理论，有些情况下甚至能说通，并不说明这种说法就能让人接受了。
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Behaviorism is a school of thought that was there long before Skinner, championed by psychologists like John Watson, for instance.
行为主义学派,远在斯金纳提出他的理论之前就已经存在，受到了众多心理学家的拥护,比如约翰·华生。
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After all, this argument really did show the immortality of the soul, why would he need to offer a further argument?
毕竟如果这个论证真正的,解释了灵魂的不朽，他为何还要提出进一步的论证呢？
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Redleaf went in and said, you should really do it and he convinced them, apparently, and they cut their dividend.
莱德利夫提出,你们必须要这样做,而且他说服了管理层,最终经营者决定降低红利
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And so literally, the company was two years old when we came up with these.
我们公司创建两年后,就提出了这三个优先。
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So I propose this algorithm, this program, this process for counting people in this room.
因此我提出了这种算法，这种程序和处理方法,来计算教室里的人数。
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Aristotle proposes--how does he propose to do this? He proposes a couple of remedies to offset the potentially warlike struggle between various factions.
亚里士多德对此提出了何种建议,他提出几种补救方法,来平衡派系间,可能导致战争的潜在斗争。
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One that was developed a number of years ago but has been perfected and refined in recent years with very, very good research.
该概念很多年前就已经提出了,但在近年通过高水平的研究才被改进完善
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And over time,as a result of many of these studies, result of examination result of asking also the right questions, I have become happier.
随着时间的推移，出现了很多这类研究，由于提出了正确的问题，我变得更快乐。
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That created a big constituency in favor of a dumb change. There was little warning.
这造就了一种悄无声息的变化,没有人提出警告。
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The problems are set up so that, if you start down the right path, it should be pretty straight-forward to work it through If you start down a plausible but incorrect path, you can sometimes find yourself stuck in the weeds somewhere, and we want to bring you back in.
问题提出了，如果你从，一开始就走正确的道路，解决的途径,就一目了然了,如果你走上一条貌似正确但实际错误的道路，你会在某时某刻,发现自己陷入泥沼，于是我们就会把你拉回来。
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So, initially they came up with four lines and then eventually five and even six, and then they went back to five by the fifteenth century.
那么,他们最初提出的是四条线,但是最终却是五条线,甚至六条线,然后在十五世纪又回到了五条线
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Now, worship at these local altars and high places would come to be banned: Deuteronomy is going to polemicize against this.
那么，在当祭坛的崇拜,以及高地都被禁止：,《申命记》中对此提出了反对。
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All right, and he came up with a scheme, and this is how he ranked things.
所以，他提出了这个观点，这就是他如何对元素进行排列的。
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And that's pretty clear, too, and the question I want to pose to you is instead the third case here.
而且这也相当清楚了，我想给你们提出的问题,在代替了第三种情况。
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I think that tragedies like Hurricane Katrina raised for us theological questions.
那些像卡特里娜飓风之类的灾难,给我们提出了很多神学方面的问题。
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Freud developed-- this is a crude summary, but Freud developed the Oedipal complex, " "Mom, I love Mommy, Dad."
弗洛伊德提出了-,这里只是个简略的概括，弗洛伊德提出了俄狄浦斯情结，“妈妈，我爱妈妈，爸爸“
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He makes a perfectly plausible argument to the effect that the question is grammatical rather than rhetorical.
他提出了一个貌似非常可信的论据,大意是说这个问句是语法型的，而不是修辞型的。
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It's a very different kind of crafting, but yet it does replace reality in a similar way, or it makes demands on reality that push the real back.
是一种很不一样的工艺，却以同样的方式代替了现实，或者对现实提出要求。
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He developed the theory of classical conditioning by making a distinction between two sorts of conditioning, two sorts of stimulus response relationships.
他通过区分两种条件作用,两种刺激反应关系，提出了经典条件作用理论。
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Now, the objection I've just raised is not the objection that Plato raised in the Phaedo, but he does raise a different objection.
我提出的反对观点并非是,柏拉图在斐多篇里提出的反对观点，但他确实提出了个不同的反对观点。
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I'm again happy that you asked questions because that's when you bring out a speaker really well.
同时我又很开心你们在当时提出了问题,因为这样才能很好的鼓励发言者。
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So there was great scrutiny when the next food guide pyramid was getting developed.
因此第二版的饮食金字塔的提出,经过了仔细的审查
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