And so even people that got vaccinated, most of us either have questionable or no protection against the virus at this point.

所以就算那些接种过天花疫苗的人,到那时候也不一定,或者压根无法抵御病毒

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, there's a whole population of people who are younger than me that never got smallpox vaccines, right?

所有比我小的人,都没有接种过天花疫苗,对吧

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Yeah, so you're asking, if for example, why do you need a booster of tetanus, because if I get exposed to tetanus wouldn't I have this rapid response?

所以你会问,举个例子来说,已经感染过破伤风杆菌的人,为什么仍然需要接种破伤风疫苗,身体不是应该马上对该病菌做出应答吗

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If this was tetanus, you got this tetanus vaccine when you were young; you get a boost every five or ten years because your antibody levels are starting to fall.

以破伤风为例,小时候,你接种过破伤风的疫苗,每隔五年或十年要再接种一次,这是因为体内的抗体浓度会下降

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, it also illustrates that one of the things you do after you introduce a vaccine, you can't stop there, you have to continually watch what's happening with this disease in your population.

同时,也告诉我们,将疫苗推向公众后,你不能就此放手,你必须得继续观察,接种过疫苗的人中,该疾病的发病情况

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And he kept track of how many people he gave the vaccines to, and then he kept track of what would happen to those people when a smallpox infection occurred in their community.

他与接种过牛痘的人保持联系,关注当天花在这些人周围肆虐时,他们身上发生了什么

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The other thing that I want to do today is try to tie this discussion on vaccines a little bit more closely with what we talked about last week, in terms of what happens inside your body when you receive a vaccine or when you're exposed to an antigen, and how the immune system actually responds to that.

还有就是,我希望可以,把今天关于疫苗的讨论,与我们上周讲过的内容,结合得更紧密一些,当接种疫苗,或者是接触抗原时,人体将会发生怎样的变化,以及免疫系统对疫苗产生何种应答

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选