It's not that other thing, but, generally speaking, the point about a sign is that it's not any other thing.

总的来说，这个符号总是清楚的指代，这件事而不是那件事。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Even more dangerously, from the standpoint of anybody who likes poetry, he talks instead of "statement," meaning science, and "pseudo-statement," meaning poetry.

更危险的是，在任何一个热爱诗歌的人看来，他转用“陈述“指代科学，用“伪陈述“指代诗歌。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

As you know, in classical literature the dead are referred to as shades, but here in Milton's simile "shades" merely means "shade trees."

在古典文学里，逝者常被用树荫来指代，而在这里弥尔顿的比喻“树荫“仅表示“叶绿成荫的树“

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

Some scholars think this actually was originally a psalm about Baal that was simply adopted and referred to Yahweh.

很多学者认为这一段赞美诗其实是描写Baal的,后来被改编用于指代耶和华。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

We tend to use the term to refer to information we have about categories and intuitions we have about the typicality, our frequency of certain features of categories.

我们会用这个词来代表,我们对某些类别掌握的信息,用它来指代我们掌握典型性的直觉，指代某个类别反复出现的特性。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Theodicy is the term coined by the eighteenth-century philosopher Leibniz, and he applied this term theodicy to just that kind of philosophical sentiment that's implied by its etymology.

斯奥迪斯是由18世纪哲学家莱布尼兹创造的，他用斯奥迪斯这个词指代,它的语源表达的哲学思想。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

It could be the letter understood either graphically or audibly, and the variety of ways in which one can choose a basic unit in the study of linguistics means that you need a special word for that unit, which is characteristically "the tagmeme."

它既可以以图像的方式理解，也可以以声音的方式，因为每个人研究时选取的,基本的语言学单位不一样,所以需要一个特殊的名词来指代这个单位，这就是，法位“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Now we learn, of course, by the second half of this line ; that it has to be the uncouth swain who rose and twitched his mantle blue; but for a moment the "he" in line 192 seems to be able to refer to either the poet or the sun.

现在我们要学习这句话的第二部分,这里的太阳指代的是那个年轻人;,但是某一刻，在192行的“他“,似乎指的是诗人自己亦或是太阳本身。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选