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This is a photo by another American photographer, Walker Evans, a photo of Brooklyn Bridge. You recognize it.
这是美国摄影家沃克埃文斯拍摄的一张照片，你们可以看出，是拍的布鲁克林大桥。
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I mean the technology is, you know, it's a tool to help make a better movie,
我是说，技术是一种帮助我们拍更好的电影的一种工具，
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Well, there are four principal ways that composers signal to us the whereabouts of the down beat.
以下有四条主要途径,是作曲家用来告诉我们重拍在哪里的
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Later in the term, we'll see why we have this syntax and why it wasn't just a totally arbitrary Python brain-dead decision by the designers of Python, and many languages before Python, but in fact is a pretty sensible thing.
这个学期的晚些时候,我们会去学学我们学这些语法的原因,以及这些语法其实并不是,和以前其他语言的设计者，一拍脑子做出的决定，实际上制定这些语法其实是相当明智的。
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Interestingly enough, ten years ago somebody found photos taken by this Parisian of the siege in the Commune in the back of the Hotel de Ville; they were found ten years ago, they had survived.
令人颇感惊奇的是,在十年前,有人发现了由巴黎人所拍的,公社在市政厅后被围的一些相片,它们于十年前被发现,居然得以留存完好
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And here is another, another image by Evans of the bridge.
这是他拍的另一张桥的图片。
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I think you should never imagine in these real old poleis that got the thing started, that somebody said let's have a polis.
我想你一定难以想象这些城邦,在刚开始建立的时候,是某个人拍脑袋的想法
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OK, well.I'll try to explain this, This is a picture that was taken about 50 years ago.
好吧，我试着来解释一下，这张图片大概是50年前拍的。
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This is the vacation shot, it gives us something to work with.
这是假期拍的，它给了我们创作的素材。
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Starbuck This was the main character known as "Starbuck," who got transformed into a woman in the more recent one, a sort of example of how portrayals are shifting in interesting ways.
这个是主角，被称为“,最近拍的那部，把这个角色变成了女人，这个例子就能有趣地说明媒体的描绘,总是变来变去的。
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And it's probably the least expensive place to do that kind of movie making.
那儿可能是拍这种电影最便宜的地方了。
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But yeah, I got into photography just taking pictures of friends wakeboarding
但是，我是在拍朋友们滑水时喜欢上摄影的，
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A lot of music is made up of these two-four and four-four sorts of aggregates.
很多乐曲是由,这些二四拍和四四拍的小节组合而成的
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And unless, you know, you've been hired to do Pirandello's Six Characters In Search Of An Author, this is not a great thing, because you get something that is really confusing.
可能一点关系也没有,要是你拍的是皮兰德娄的荒诞名剧,《六个找寻作家的角色》,那可能是件好事,因为你得到的是一个足够混乱的结果。
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It doesn't really matter but notice that whenever the chords are changing they're changing on down beat.
这倒无所谓,不过注意一下,和弦变化的时候,往往都是在重拍上变化的
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But it was done in 1996 or '97, but it's really superb.
是1996或者97年拍的,但是很棒
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The interesting thing here is that the bass continues along with the duple pattern.
有趣的是,低音部还是按二拍模式进行
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Well, in music the most basic symbol for the beat is the quarter note.
音乐中表示拍的最基本符号是四分音符
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Every time they're changing your hand is going down so chord changes may be the most powerful of all of these aspects of where the down beat is.
他们变化的时候你的手势都是向下的,所以在所有的途径当中通过和弦的变化,来判断重拍在哪儿可能是最有效的方法
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String players are taught whether it's cellists going this way, downbeat or violas and violinists coming down this way that the downward motion of the hand or the pull across the strong pull across should come with the downbeat; that emphasizes the downbeat.
弦乐手们都是这样教出来的,是不是大提琴手这样的时候或者中提琴手,还有小提琴手们在这里这样拉,当手势冲下,很重的向下的手势时候,是重拍出现的时候,都是在强调重拍的
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And all of those long notes are coming on the downbeat so that's how we start to hear that as a downbeat and that's how we know to make our hand go down at that point so that's one way.
所有的长音都出现在重拍上,这就是我们怎么判断出重拍,如何判断出该什么时候把手往下摆的,所以那是一条途径
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Because it's probably the cheapest place to make a movie,
因为那儿很可能是这座城市里拍电影最便宜的地方了。
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The third way that we--that composers signal to us that we pick up almost intuitively the whereabouts of downbeats is through patterns of accompaniment. We'll call it range.
第三条途径,是作曲家给我们的信号,让我们几乎能马上挑出,哪个是重拍的途径,是通过伴奏的样式,我们称之为音域
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So, we approached this machine here, the photograph is a little blurry, but it was very clear to us but if you zoom in on the screen and apologies for the reflections, again, this was just taken with my cell phone, you see what appear to be three huge buttons and at the top it said something like have a Charlie Card, which may very well apply to a lot of locals.
所以，我们走近这个机器，这个照片有点模糊，但对于我们来说是清楚地,如果我把它在屏幕上放大，我对这个影像感到抱歉,但是，这是用我的手机拍的,你们可以看到这里上面有三个很大的按钮,写了一些关于Charlie卡片的东西，对本地人来说是相当熟悉的。
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