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Humoral refers to immunity in the blood and it's immunity that's in the blood in the form of antibodies.
体液免疫代表着血液中的免疫机制,血液中的免疫机制是以抗体的形式存在的
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This is a way for the immune system to recognize things that are going wrong inside the cell protected from antibodies.
这是免疫系统识别,抗体不能识别的细胞内病变的方法
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So, I have a bacteria infection, stimulates my immune system, I start making antibodies that bind to an antigen specific to that bacteria.
所以 如果我被细菌感染了,我的免疫系统被激活,开始制造抗体,这些抗体结合到细菌特异性的抗原上
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Now, why do you need a cell mediated immune response if you have an antibody response?
为什么你还要有细胞免疫反应呢,你已经有抗体应答了啊
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But in any event, the vaccine is intended to stimulate the immune system to produce an effector response— either antibodies or specific cells— that can combat spread of the microorganism through your body.
但无论如何,疫苗是通过,刺激免疫系统来使身体产生应答,无论是抗体还是特定的细胞,都可以阻止微生物在体内扩散
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One of the beautiful things about antibodies is that one your immune system is able to make antibodies against all the thousands, ten thousand, hundred thousand different pathogens that you'll come into contact with in your lifetime.
抗体的一个绝妙之处就在于,你的免疫系统可以分泌抗体来对抗,成千上万的 甚至数以十万计不同病原体,这些病原体都是你一生中可能会遇到的
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If we just thought about that second part of it, just the antibody generation, or the humoral what we called last time--last week, the humoral immune response, the immune response associated with humoral immune response of antibodies in the blood and in other fluids.
当我们仅考虑上述过程的第二步,也就是产生抗体的部分,或是我们上周学习的,体液免疫应答,这种免疫应答与,血液中以及其他体液中的抗体有关
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So, these memory cells are a way that your immune system keeps track of antigens that it's been exposed to for even if maybe the plasma cells that were producing antibody in response to the initial exposure have died and disappeared.
所以,这些记忆细胞,是人体免疫系统记忆抗原的一种方法,即使由浆细胞产生的抗体,在初次免疫应答中全部被消灭,记忆细胞仍然能迅速分化为抗体分泌细胞
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If there were just-- if you were trying to create a positive reaction of antigens and it showed up naturally wouldn't it create this reaction anyway in terms of your body would create antibodies like the secondary response volume to antibodies?
如果这里仅有,如果在自然条件下,尝试建立抗原的阳性反应,抗体这是否会像这样反应,以你身体为例,你的身体是否会产生,同二次免疫一样的抗体浓度
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Usually the cellular means that they get rid of is that instead of an antibody being produced, you activate a population of cells that will specifically go and hunt down the foreign antigen, or more commonly, cells that contain the foreign antigen.
通常细胞免疫意味着,不用生成抗体就能清除抗原,你激活了一个细胞类群,这一类群能够,并杀伤外源抗原,或者更常见的是,杀伤含有外源抗原的细胞
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One of the things that I didn't mention before is that when you get this primary response and then the secondary response, if you looked at the antibodies that are generated during the primary response, again we're only looking at antibodies that bind to the particular antigen or vaccine that we have used for the priming.
还有一点我之前没有提及,当你获得初次免疫,以及再次免疫之后,如果你仔细观察抗体,观察那些在初次免疫中生成的抗体,这次我们同样只是观察抗体,那些与我们在初次免疫中所用到的,特定抗原或疫苗相结合的抗体
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The other part of the adaptive immune system is the cell mediated immune system and this is an immune where that doesn't involve antibodies but involves cells that are activated in response to a foreign antigen and that utilize cellular means to get rid of it.
获得性免疫系统还包括,细胞免疫,这一免疫反应不包含抗体,但包含可以被激活来应答,并清除外源抗原的免疫细胞
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The humoral immune response involves antibody production and antibodies are made by a subset of cells called B-cells.
体液免疫反应中包括抗体的产生过程,抗体是由一类称为B细胞的细胞亚族产生
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Another important class of antibodies is called IgM.
另一种重要的抗体是免疫球蛋白M
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If you looked at the antibodies that were present in the blood, for example, you would find that most of those antibodies are IgM during this initial period of antibody concentration rise.
如果你现在观察血液中存在的抗体,举个例子,在初次免疫的抗体浓度上升阶段,你将会发现大部分的抗体都是IgM
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The IgM is really five IgG-type molecules that are linked together through disulfide bonds, such that their FC portions are all pointing in and their antibody binding portions are all pointing out.
gM是由五个IgG分子组成的,IgG分子之间通过二硫键连接,免疫球蛋白尾部的FC片段都指向内侧,而抗体的抗原结合位点都指向外侧
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If you looked later, as the antibody production response matures, some IgG is produced so that in the late period after initial priming you'd have a mixture of IgM and IgG in the blood.
如果你稍后再观察,等到产生抗体的应答趋于成熟后,就会产生一些IgG抗体,在初次免疫的最终阶段,你的血液中有IgM,和IgG两种抗体
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Not only the IgG but there are special antibodies called secretory IgA and these are highly enriched in mucosal fluids in the mucus lining of your gut, and the eye, and of other--of mucosal organs.
不仅仅是IgG分子,还有一些特殊的抗体,被称作分泌型免疫球蛋白A,IgA在体内粘液中广泛存在,例如,在小肠内壁和眼球周围以及,其他带有粘膜的器官中都有IgA的分布
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