And of course, the kings when we see them in Homer do not have a bureaucracy, do not have scribes.

当然,从《荷马史诗》中所看到的那些国王,他们没有官僚作风,没有随身抄写员

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Whenever your church would get a copy of one of these letters from Paul,you would have scribes,often slaves, because slaves were especially trained to be scribes.

当一个教会得到保罗书信的一份副本时,你就要让抄写员，他们通常是奴隶，因为奴隶被专门训练成为抄写员。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

Their first form was very often a manuscript.

它们最初都只是抄写的手稿。

耶鲁公开课 - 现代诗歌课程节选

So we quickly see that even in the letters under Paul's name, this activity's being spread around.

不难发现，就算是以保罗的名字写的信，抄写和传送这种做法也很普遍。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

And so letters would be copied,and books would be copied and sent around from different communities.

所以书信和书籍都会抄写,然后在各个团体中传播。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

And then,they might keep the original, and they'd send the copy off to somebody else.

接着，他们可能会保留原始书信，而把抄写本发给其他人。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

So collections of Paul's letters were gradually being made and copied and circulated.

所以保罗的书信逐渐被收集,抄写和传阅。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

Or they might keep the copy and send the original off to somebody.

或者他们保留抄写本,而把原始书信送给他人。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选