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So that's a big help. And equilibrium happens when there isn't any possible change of state that would satisfy this.
这个非常方便，当所有的变化,都无法满足这个公式的时候,系统就达到了平衡。
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I think the buildings all have, you know, good computer systems. There's wireless everywhere.
所有的建筑物都有优良的计算机系统，无线网络覆盖很广。
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We've used these effectively to build our electronic systems and our blogs and all of these companies that we're building.
我们会有效地使用它们,来建立一个电子系统,建立我们的博客和我们建立的,所有的公司。
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If you double everything in the system, the temperature is not going to change, it's not going to double.
如果你把系统中所有的东西增加一倍，温度是不会变的，它不会跟着增加一倍。
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The reason for that is because all of this is connected, so we're moving electrons everywhere in the system.
这个现象的原因是因为,它们全部都是连接起来的，所以在这个系统中,电子移动到所有地方。
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In fact, of all the systems of cellular differentiation that are known in our bodies, probably hematopoiesis is the best known.
事实上,我们体内已知的,所有由细胞分化成的系统中,造血系统也许是最为人所熟知的
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All the energies are negative because it is a bound system. I start up here with n equals one.
所有能量级都是负数，因为它是一个束缚系统,在这里我从n等于1讲起。
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I think the more we think about it, the more we realize that we only know what it is if we know the system that it belongs to, which is to say, all of the things related to it which it is not. Right?
你们越仔细想这一点，就越明白，我们只有知道事物所属的符号系统,才能认识事物，所有事物都是和同一符号系统中的反面相关的？
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Because after all, premise three: 'All purely physical systems are subject to determinism.' Isn't it true after all that the basic laws of physics are deterministic laws?
毕竟,按照前提三,所有纯粹的物理系统都遵从决定论,基本的物理定律,难道不都是决定性的吗
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It's a little bit of a digression, but one of the things that I've witnessed over the past twenty years is that the leakage of the -the leakage from the system in terms of the returns that go to the owners of capital -leakage has increased enormously.
讲一点稍稍离题的内容,我发现,过去的二十年中,这种损耗,这种减损资本所有者收益所得的,系统性损耗,有相当巨大的增长
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Latte, which is a homogeneous system, has a very, very large number of components to it All the components that make up the milk.
拿铁咖啡是个均匀系统，但它有非常非常多的组分,牛奶中的所有组分咖啡中的所有组分。
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All the energy that is inserted into this, which might be turbulence initially, becomes heat, or becomes -- it raises the temperature.
由振动引起的所有，进入系统的能量最后都变成了热，因此温度便升高了。
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So, they don't start killing all the cells in your respiratory system; they only kill the cells that are harboring the virus.
所以它们不会杀死所有呼吸系统内的细胞,只杀死那些被病毒感染的细胞
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It's not that all these layers are wrapped around the nervous system and the endocrine system.
不是所有功能,都围绕着神经系统和内分泌系统展开的
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It is a conservative system so all the energies are negative.
它是一个保守系统,所以所有的能量级都是负值。
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Suppose we then add three, all purely physical systems are subject to determinism.
假设我们再往后添加第三点,所有纯物理系统都遵守决定论
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Three says, all purely physical systems are subject to determinism.
三说,所有纯物理系统都遵守决定论
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Three, all purely physical systems are subject to determinism.
三,所有纯粹的物理系统都服从于决定论
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Anybody have an idea? What's the one function of state? I'm the system, the rest are the surrounding. What's the one function of state that's constant when I'm doing all my chemical reactions to move my arms around?
态函数又是什么呢？,我是一个系统，其余的是周围的环境,那么当我在做所有的化学反应,去四处移动我的手臂的时候,什么量是常数？
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This notation gives you everything you need to know about the system.
这种记号可以提供给你,关于这个系统的所有你需要知道的信息。
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The reason for that complexity is because your immune system needs to be able to respond to all the potential foreign invaders that we could encounter.
整个系统之所以如此复杂是因为,免疫系统需要应对所有,我们要面对的来犯之敌
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They might be capable of forming all of the cells of the nervous system; they might still have some potency to form other things that are similar to the nervous system.
它们也许可以生成,所有神经系统的细胞,也许还有一些生成和神经系统类似的,其他东西的潜能
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So even if it does turn out that you can't have free will and determinism, that doesn't rule out the possibility that we are purely physical objects, because not all purely physical systems are subject to determinism.
因此即使最终证实,你不能同时拥有自由意志和遵从决定论,也不能排除我们是纯粹,物理实体的可能性,因为并不是所有的纯粹物理系统,都遵从决定论
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But if the system is in equilibrium, none of those states has lower enthalpy.
但是如果系统处于平衡态，所有其他的态都不可能具有更低的自由焓。
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This is a bacterium that's normally present in humans; it colonizes all of our intestinal systems.
这种细菌在人体中很常见,栖居在我们所有人的肠道系统中
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It just isn't true that all purely physical systems are subject to determinism.
那么所有的纯粹物理系统,都遵从决定论就是错的了
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What kind of systematicity could we ? possibly bring to all of this?
怎样的系统性,才能概括所有这些东西？
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Well, the way that your immune system recognizes it is that all the cells of our body express a molecule on their surface, a membrane protein called the MHC1 complex.
而免疫系统识别的方法是,身体内所有细胞在其表面表达一种分子,一种叫做MHC1复合体的膜蛋白
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