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So I had classmates from Hawaii and Klamath Falls, Oregon So you were in the situation.
所以我的同学中有来自夏威夷的,来自俄勒冈州克拉马斯福尔斯市的,所以当时在那样的形势下。
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So I was doing, I was a publicist in entertainment,
所以我当时就是一个娱乐行业的公关人员，
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You have a very, very changing demographic situation in the American South and its political culture has to respond to that.
你可以想象,当时的美国南方,人口流动是非常厉害的,所以当时的政治文化必须做出相应的调整
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So identity, national identity is very complex, and we talk about the war--this is, it's a sparkling account.
所以说身份,国家身份在当时很复杂,然后我们谈起这场战争,这是一个很有话题的事
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I shouldn't have skipped that and I want to hit-- Let me tell you why I skipped it.
我不该跳过它们，所以现在我要讲一下-,先告诉大家我当时为什么跳过没讲。
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So, there were seven known metals at the time, and seven heavenly bodies.
所以，当时有7种已知的金属，还有7个天体。
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People lived shorter lives and so they didn't get far enough into the age span to suffer from the chronic diseases that people are suffering more today.
当时的人寿命比较短所以他们,活不到现代人那么长,长得足以患上那些慢性疾病
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So the Bank of England then became a kind of regulator of these banks and it would also loan to them when they were in trouble.
所以，英格兰银行当时,成为了众多银行的管制者,并且在它们陷入危机时,向它们发放贷款。
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So how do you feel call to this, but how did you like to say, I remember when I told my parents I was going to seminary, So I think there is a similar identity.
你对于做教士这件事是怎么想的，你当时是怎样想到，我记得当时对父母说我要去神学院时，所以我们的这种经历是类似的。
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So, you can understand they really felt quite confident at this time that we could explain everything that was going on and in fact, a really telling quote from the time was said by a professor at the University of Chicago, and what he said is, "Our future discoveries must be looked for in the sixth decimal place."
所以你可以理解,为什么当时的人那么,自信的说我们可以解释,这世界上发生的一起事情,事实上，当时有个著名的名言,是芝加哥大学的一个教授说的,他说“我们今后的科学发现,就在于弄清楚小数点第六位后的数，“
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So he took the financial plans of the conservative Government that was then in power, five years ahead, and he said these are my financial plans, I'm going to announce these today as my financial plans five years ahead.
所以他就用了当时执政的,保守党的财政计划,作为未来五年的财政计划公布给民众,他说这些计划就是他的执政计划,我现在就宣布,这是未来五年的财政计划
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Jacques Lacan So, the work of Jacques Lacan in France in the 1950s and '60s and of Jacques Derrida who brought deconstruction to the United States, actually to Johns Hopkins where Barth was teaching.
所以,于20世纪50年代和60年代间在法国的作品；,将结构主义带到美国的，Johns，Hopkins大学，当时Barth在那任教。
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And that's when, if you had everybody come to the theater for a big debate about something, you could still have people voting on certain things that the city might decide to do, although they couldn't rule themselves completely by themselves.
所以当时，如果所有人到剧院,对某一问题进行辩论，还是可以通过投票,决定某些事情，虽然他们无法进行完全的民主统治。
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So then there's the whole idea--we've already given you some sense that the Greeks were ancestor worshippers.
所以这就是当时的情况,我告诉过你们,古希腊人对祖先甚是尊敬
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I was very young then and it is not surprising that I felt as I did.
我当时很年轻，所以毫无意外的是,我当然也自觉如此。
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So this is, in effect, the backdrop in which in the American academy--influenced, - as we'll now see, by certain trends in the British academy-- arose in the thirties and in the forties.
所以实际上,这就是当时美国学术界，受英国学术界影响-,在三四十年代崛起的背景。
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I didn't know what else to do, and I read one book that really influenced me.
我当时不知道还能干什么,所以就读了本对我影响深远书
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Not because you necessarily need it at the moment but your brain tells you you may need it later and so eat, eat, eat becomes the priority.
并不是因为当时真的需要,但你的大脑告诉你,你以后可能会需要,所以吃吧,先吃了再说
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So they had a guinea which they said was twenty shillings and then there were two coins either shillings or guineas that was the money at the time.
于是，他们就生产出了,一个等同于二十先令的几尼,所以出现了两种硬币,先令或是几尼,这是当时流行的货币。
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So, practitioners who understood what we would know to be chemistry were highly valued in that society. And then, you may expand it to other chemical processes, dyeing of cloth, glassmaking, and metals extraction.
所以，理解我们所知为化学的,先行者们，在那个社会是,非常宝贵的，当时，你可能将其扩展到另一个化学过程，如布料的染色，玻璃的制造，还有金属提取。
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But how carefully you estimate will determine in part how good your ultimate records are so please try to be as careful as you can, and then pick the closest option if you can't find the exact food that you're eating at that time.
你估计的仔细程度,在某种程度上,也会决定最终结果的准确性,所以请尽可能谨慎,如果找不到完全对应的食物,请选择和你当时所吃食物最接近的选项
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Now this was nineteen-eighty-two, quite a long time ago, at a time when people really weren't paying much attention to calories like they are now, so you'd expect the errors to decline as time goes on and there's some evidence of that, but they're errors nonetheless.
这是1982年的实验,很早之前了,当时的人们并不像今天的人们一样,那么关注卡路里,所以你会预计误差会随时间推移而减小,有证据证明了这一点,但误差仍然存在
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Now there was a time when people thought fat was bad and it didn't-- and people didn't really understand there were different kinds of fat, or they didn't realize that different kinds of fat had different impacts on health.
曾经有段时期,人们认为脂肪是有害的,它不能...,人们当时不知道脂肪还分不同种类,所以就没有意识到,不同的脂肪对人体有不同的影响
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I imagine he did it at this very blackboard because, as I said, he had his office in this building and he didn't die until 1940s, so he must have been-- this building was--this room goes back to the '30s.
我猜他就是在这块黑板上解释这个理论的,当时他的办公室就在这栋楼里,他是在40年代离世的,所以他应该曾经...,而这间教室是在30年代建成的
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So what the guy would do is he would say okay you've got--if it was local money if it was from this town if it was New Haven money there were New Haven banks the guy would immediately know what it's worth.
所以，那个人将会做的是说,好的，你的钱-如果它是当地货币,如果来自这个城镇,如果是纽黑文的纸币,当时有纽黑文银行,那么这个人将立刻知道它值多少钱。
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Does anyone have that in their brain somewhere for ready use? I don't, in fact, so it's actually okay if you don't know all your common ions, if you missed that part.
你们有谁有印象它们有什么用吗？,我当时是不知道，所以如果你们不记得,这部分也没有关系。
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And so it really, not the course but the idea for the course, was an evolution three years four years ago, really, when I was involved in something called the Civic Values Task Force, which was started by Princeton Project 55.
所以说，不是这个课程,而是这个课程的设想，是在三四年前形成的，当时我参加了,公民价值专责小组，由普林斯顿大学55工程发起。
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I guess they didn't have our language, they didn't-- they were intuitively halfway there but they couldn't express it, so I think the industry didn't get really started.
我猜当时并没有专业的词汇,他们未能...,他们有想法,却无法表述,所以我认为那只是保险业的雏形
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I think it was in French, so it wasn't really hitting all the scientific community of the time in any major way.
我印象中是发表在一个法语杂质上，所以它并没有在当时的科学界的,主流领域中取得反响。
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So really, I just had no context for the chemistry.
所以当时我是完全不懂化学。
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