It is a bleeding or spilling into successive signs in such a way that it perpetually leaves what Derrida calls "traces." That is to say, as we examine the unfolding of a speech act, we see the way in which successive signs are contaminated.

它渗入或涌入一系列符号之中,并且永恒地留下了德里达所说的，“痕迹“，也就是说，如果我们研究言语行为，我们就能看到连续的符号被污染的方式。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

And what this means is we can use --take any arbitrary idea in the world, the idea of a chair or a story or a country, and make a sound or a sign to connect to it.

符号任意性是指,我们可以拿来世间任何想法,比如椅子,故事,或是国家,再发明一种声音或符号来与之相联系

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

We talk in terms of high pitch and low pitch although we'll fine tune that next time, and then we have this idea of duration or time, which we tend to write out in symbols that move from your left to right.

我们是从高低方面来谈论音高,即使我们将于下次讲解曲调的问题,我们已经有了音符时值或时间的概念,我们倾向于用符号来表示,时间是从你的左边向右边移动的

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选