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This is the modern city, not as a scene of fragmentation or despair, but rather a place of ascent and aspiration.
这是一座现代化的城市，并不是破碎或绝望的场景，而是一座在上升的渴望之城。
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So we're the fourth, third or the fourth largest metropolitan area in the USA,
所以我们是美国第三或第四大城市，
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If you travel around in Greek cities throughout the Ancient Mediterranean, you can see where they've carved little game boards into flagstones of different temples or buildings, in Greek cities.
如果你周游古地中海地区的希腊城市，就会发现他们在各类神庙,或建筑的石板上，刻有小型游戏棋盘。
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The power to know is our ability to recognize, by sight, members of the same polis or city.
求知的能力,是我们透过双眼辨别，同一城邦或城市成员的能力。
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Unlike the ancient near eastern cities, these towns do not grow up around a temple or a marketplace, confluence of rivers as they do in medieval Europe.
和古代近东的城市不同,这些城邦不以庙宇或集市为中心来扩展的,也不像中世纪的欧洲那样以河流交汇点为中心
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According to the research of Ulrike Malmendier at Stanford, she thinks that the stock market in ancient Rome was done on the street-- on the Roman Forum--and she can tell you where.
根据斯坦福大学乌尔丽克克·马尔门迪尔的研究,她认为在古罗马,证券交易就在街边,或城市广场上促成,她能告诉你在哪
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So I want to go back again, now we're considering the line on the board as being flavor in beer, or location in a town, and I want to go back to politics now and go back to the interpretation we started with, so that left and right will end up being left-wing politics versus right-wing politics.
所以我想返回去,现在我们将黑板上的线看成,啤酒的口味或城市的位置,我现在再回去讨论政治,回去解释我们最初,把线的左边和右边,看成左派和右派的原因
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Many of you, or some of you have had the good fortune to go to one of Europe's most wonderful cities.
你们中许多人,或一部分人有幸,去过这个欧洲最美妙的城市之一
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But for Aristotle it is not the liberty of the individual so much as the functioning or functional well-being of the city that is the highest priority.
但对亚里士多德而言,并非个人自由,而是城市运作中,或能运作的福利,才是最要优先考虑的事。
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Unless the philosophers rule as kings or those now called kings, genuinely philosophize, there will be no rest from the ills for the cities, ?! he says, right?
除非让哲学家为王统治,或现时为王者，真诚地开始哲思，不然城市中的苦恼将永不止息，他这么强调，对吧？
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On the third page of the Politics where he remarks that every city or every polis exists by nature, and he goes on to infer from this Zoon Politikon that man is what he calls the zoon politikon, the political animal, the polis animal.
在《政治学》第三页,他谈到,每座城市或城邦是自然发展的存在，他并进而藉此推论,人类是他所谓的，即政治动物，城邦动物。
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Or as he puts it a little bit later whoever is entitled to participate in an office involving deliberation or decision-making is a citizen of the city. Listen to the words he uses there in describing a citizen.
或像他稍后提到的,任何具参与官职资格的人,包含商议或决策，就是城市的公民,注意他所使用的字眼,看他如何形容公民。
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Note that in the opening pages of the book, Aristotle doesn't say anything yet about what kind of city or regime is best.
注意在书一开始的前几页，亚里士多德并未谈到,任何有关最佳城市或政体的言论。
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The citizens of such a city can only reach their telos or perfection through participating in the offices, in the ruling offices of a city.
这样一座城的公民,只能透过参与公职,才能达到他们的，Telos，或完善，而且是城市中统治阶级的公职。
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They would get married and move off to an apartment or someplace down the street, or to another city.
他们会结婚,他们会搬到附近住宅，或另一座城市。
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In founding the city, he says, we are not looking to of any one individual or any group but rather to the city as a whole.
在创造城市时，我们不是在找寻,个人或团体的特殊快乐,而是要以城市的整体来看。
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The city, as Aristotle understands, will always exist in a world with other cities or other states, based on different principles that might be hostile to one's own.
城市，如亚里士多德所认为，将永远会,和其它城市或国家同时存在，根于不同的管理原则,可能还会对自己人怀有敌意。
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The question of censorship and the telling of lies is introduced, in other words, as a question of military necessity, controlling the guards or the auxiliaries of the city, its warrior class.
审查的问题,及说谎的导入，换句话说，就像军备的问题，控制守卫人员,或说是城市的后备，战士阶级。
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It is always this or that particular city.
总是这种或那种排他的城市，城邦。
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First comes the family, then an association of families in a tribe, then a further association in a village, and then you might say an association of villages that create a polis or a city.
首先是家庭，然后是众多家庭的结合形成部落，再扩大形成村庄，然后是村庄的结合,创造出了城邦或城市。
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