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I draw a graph here of the amount by which I pull the spring versus the force it exerts.
我在这里画个图,纵轴是弹簧的拉伸量,横轴是力的大小
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What I really want to do is just give an example of what happens when you throw the thing, the material into a calorimeter and see how much the temperature changes.
我想做的是给出当,你把这些东西，这些材料扔进，量热计时会发生什么,看看温度会变化多少。
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Clearly, if I did nothing more, but I took every car, doubled its fuel economy, its emissions would go to 50% of what they are now, no other changes being made.
显然，如果我什么也不做，但是我把没量车的汽油价加倍，汽车废气排放量就会是现在的一半了，别的不会有什么改变。
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The first is this the z effective, or how much charge is actually in the nucleus that's felt, Z or the I guess we would say the z, how much the charge is on the nucleus that holds it close together.
第一个是有效核电量，或者说实际感受到的核电荷量，又或者我想我可以说就是，使它们保持在一起的,原子核的电荷量。
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This sperm has gained quite a vocabulary, and it includes this line: "I have seen the best swimmers of my generation go under.
这个精子词汇量很大啊，它总结如下：,我曾见过这代人中最好的泳者沉底。
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So I should cheat and pick the quantity on my best response line that's much farther out so I'll produce more than my quantity.
我会违约选择我最佳对策的产量,我会生产出远远多于协约量的产品来
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So in other words, every time I merge the point that I kept emphasizing verbally there and that I'm only touching each number once, means that we have to account for the amount of time it takes to merge N which is going to be just N. Now, this is again one of these cyclical answers.
换言之，之前在做合并时,我不停地强调,对每个数字我只碰了一次，这就是说,我们要记录合并所花的时间量,也就是这里的,这又是一种循环性的答案。
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I rather suspect that people who have less than the average of something, it hurts them more than it benefits the people who have more than the average of something.
我怀疑那些,在某些东西上得到少于平均量的人，比在某些东西上得到多于平均量的人,感受到的痛苦更大。
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Like here would be one small--I guess these are the small boxes, but the serving sizes are listed and the brand, and then you could click on that particular food if that's the appropriate one.
这有个小点的,我想这是个小盒装,每份的量和牌子都列出来了,你可以点击,选择相应的食物
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I'm going to just put that in, and it's the cosine of the number times i plus sine of the number times j times R.
我要在式子加入这个量,这个式子就等于这个值的余弦乘以 i,加上这个值的正弦乘以 j 再乘以常数 R
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I didn't even need to know that heat capacity of the product, right. Because it's effect the thermal mass of the product is negligible compared to the thermal mass of the calorimeter.
我甚至不需要知道生成物的,热容是多少，因为生成物的,热质量的作用相比于,量热计的热质量是可以忽略的。
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OK, so this, what I've sketched here would be a constant pressure calorimeter. There's a reaction.
好，我画的就是一个恒压量热计,其中进行一个反应。
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All right, let me just go through one numerical example of a calorimetry calculation, OK.
好，让我们来做一个量热,法计算的例子，我不会把所有的。
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So I would choose something that have a wave lines off You wouldn't measure the dimension of a human hair with a yardstick, so I need something on this order.
所以我会选些东西,你将不会用一个码尺去量,人的头发有多大，所以我需要一些这个级数上的东西。
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At least I don't have those. But what I've done is to excerpt some of the texts earlier in the term-- and actually there's so that it's a little bit lighter after break, when we're doing those long novels.
至少我没有列出那些,但我已经做完的是,在放假前当然会有稍多的阅读量，假期过后我们再读那些长篇小说时就会轻松一点。
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But now if you have a twenty-ounce bottle, your cue for when the drinking event ends is completely different than when I was a child, and its two and a half times different then when I was child, and so people have become calibrated to what difference sizes are.
但现在如果你喝了一瓶二十盎司可乐,会觉得现在的饮用量,和我小时候已经完全不同了,是我小时候的2.5倍,人们已经校正了其中差异的大小
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So, why don't you take a look at this and tell me which are possible for a 2 s electron in a lithium atom where z 3 is going to be equal to three?
你们为什么不看一下这个然后告诉我对,于一个锂原子中的2s电子哪些是可能,的？它的有效电荷量,可能等于？
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So I can make a quantity that I'll call V bar, which is the molar volume, the volume of one mole of a component in my system, and that becomes an intensive quantity.
所以我可以定义，一个叫做一横的量，这是摩尔体积系统中,一摩尔某种组分的体积，它就变成了。
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Noticed that's not per mole, right.
我是说量热计是个很大的东西。
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And the point that I also want to make is the way that they differ, z effective actually differs from the total charge in the nucleus due to an idea called shielding.
我也想指出的一点是它们不同的方式,有效的z事实上不同于原子核的，总电荷量,因为屏蔽效应。
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We'll assume that B lives between 0 and a 1/4 and it's known, I just want to be able to vary it later.
假设B是0到1/4之间的已知量,我希望一会能改变一下这个数据
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so that's what we think we know in constant pressure calorimetry.
好，我想这就是我们,在恒压量热法中所知道的。
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Anybody have an idea? What's the one function of state? I'm the system, the rest are the surrounding. What's the one function of state that's constant when I'm doing all my chemical reactions to move my arms around?
态函数又是什么呢？,我是一个系统，其余的是周围的环境,那么当我在做所有的化学反应,去四处移动我的手臂的时候,什么量是常数？
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If this is my sharing meter, this is my electron sharing meter.
如果这是我的中间量，是我的电子的中间量。
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He goes back and redoes the calculation, only in this case he says what I am going to do is I am going to redo the calculation for helium, but I am going to consider not just the mass of the electron but the reduced mass of the system.
他回去重新做了计算，仅在这种情况下他才会说说我将要,为氦重做计算，但我认为,不只是电子的质量,还有系统质量的减少量。
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I've got reactants and calorimeter at T1.
我有T1下的反应物和量热计。
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