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If I understand it correctly, science as science insofar as its belike scientific methodology, he needs to be defended.
如果我没有弄错的话，就论文所用的科学方法本身而言,就论文所用的科学方法本身而言，作者的立场应该受到维护。
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So I was reading Media, and I have to write an essay about it. So that's what I was doing.
我在读与媒介有关的内容，需要写一篇有关的论文。那是我之前在做的。
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So I wrote my dissertation on Byron as a result of that-- nothing complicated, no deep reason for doing these things.
所以我论文写的就是关于拜伦的-,没有太多的考虑，就是因为我喜欢。
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So I mentioned, however, that in terms of de Broglie's work. T his was Nobel Prize worthy, absolutely, but it was also his PhD thesis.
然而，我提到的是德布罗意的工作，这个工作是绝对是,配得上诺贝尔奖的，而且它也是德布罗意的博士论文。
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Here he is in his paper and says at that time I decided that it was advantageous to find a more general system of the elements and here is my attempt.
他在论文中说，当时,我觉得发现更多,的元素的通用系统是很有用的,这就是我的计划。
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Now I take it the dissertation can be read without knowing that, and the science is fine.
我认为我们在读他的论文是,在不知道他信仰时，他研究的科学并无不妥。
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Oftentimes I get student papers that refer to "Beethoven's fifth song" Or "Tchaikovsky's first piano song."
我经常见到学生撰写的论文中提到,贝多芬的第五交响曲,或是柴可夫斯基的第一钢琴协奏曲
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And I know what it is to write a typical undergraduate paper.
我也知道典型的本科生论文是怎么写的。
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There was a paper that I wrote with a colleague in globalization and health, and this quote that I--that I'll show you is from that and I'll read it in case it's a little hard to see.
这篇论文是我和一位,研究全球化和健康的同事一起写的,它引用了,我给你们看的就是选自其中,我会给你们念,它不太容易看到
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But what I really have to teach is not going to be based on what you might read in textbook or a great work of technical film studies, you gonna write paper about that, but what to do to get most of the meanings you have to read these books.
但我真正想教授的,并不基于你们可能在教材读到的东西,也不基于很多技术性的电影研究,你们将对此写论文，但是你们必须读这些书,才能更好的理解书中的内容。
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And right now, you know, we are working on a paper together which is helping me out a lot.
现在我们正一起写一篇论文，他的参与真的给我带来了很大帮助。
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In light of the fact that I have just sent you paper topics, my lecture today is going to do two things.
根据我刚发给你们的论文题目，我今天的课程将要完成两件事。
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Because this is one of the most famous passages in the treatise, and it's not one that we actually looked at for Mammon himself, I'm going to ask you to turn to Areopagitica.
因为这是在那篇论文中最有名的篇章之一，而且这不是我们之前看到贪欲之神唯一的篇章，我想让你们翻开《论出版自由》
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A lot of journals do blind reviewing now because of the evidence I talked about before regarding sexual stereotypes, that whether it has a male name or a female name makes a difference. So those are not-- those are group level in that they're not saying, "You get rid of your prejudices by trying harder."
现在很多报刊都审查论文都是匿名的,原因就是我刚才讲的,性别刻板印象，名字会透露作者是男性或女性,这样会影响审查公正，所以…,这些群体要摆脱刻板印象，并不是一味压抑就行的“
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I mean also studies, of course, and your senior essay, but it's, they are looking at the next step.
我是说当然还有学习，还有四年级的论文，但是他们看的是将来。
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but I mark the whole paper up with a lot of red ink if there are mistakes,
但我在批论文的时候，也会把语法错误的地方用红笔标出来，
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A To make an A paper in my class, A to make an A on a paper, not only does the paper have to have the right answers and fulfill the assignment, it has to be written elegantly and excellently.
在我的课上要拿，论文得，不仅内容回答要正确,符合要求，而且必须文笔优美。
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The head of my PHD programs actually estimated the average academic journal article is read by seven people.
我博士班的主任估算过,学术期刊上的一篇论文平均只有7人阅读。
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They are my experimental colleagues who write papers with 400 other people, maybe even 1,000 other people.
他们是我的实验室同事,他们的论文是400个,乃至1000人一起完成的
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In fact, the first PhD degree in engineering was awarded to a fellow named J. Willard Gibbs at Yale in 1863 for a thesis he did on how gears work or something, I forget exactly what the details are, but have you heard of Gibbs?
事实上 工程学的第一个博士学位授予了,一个名叫约西亚?威拉德?吉布斯的人,在一八六三年的耶鲁,他的论文是关于传动装置是如何工作的,细节方面的东西我记不清了,你们听说过吉布斯这个人么
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helped me prepare what I would say at my interviews and my essay questions.
帮我准备面试中该说的话和我的论文问题。
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Well, there is a sentence for you and, as I say, I don't have time to explicate it but I commend it to you as a possible paper topic if you're still in need of one.
这就是我说的那个句子，我没有时间解释它，但是我向你们推荐,最为一个可能的论文话题，如果你们还需要的话。
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I was particularly interested in metaphysical poetry political philosophy -- I wrote my thesis on a radical political philosopher of the 17th century of the civil war period.
我尤其感兴趣的是玄学诗派,和政治哲学，我的毕业论文,就是有关一名激进的政治哲学家,他生活在内战的十八世纪。
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What I'd like to do is suggest to you that if you still haven't determined on a paper topic, you might very well consider this one.
我想给你们一个建议,如果你们至今未选好论文的题目的话，这个话题或许是很不错的一个选择。
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You guys use computers, I used the typewriter when I started college, so I was burning more calories creating a paper than you guys have too.
你们用电脑,而我上大学时候用的是打字机,所以我写一篇论文,消耗的卡路里要比你们多
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The second thing I want to say is less about paper writing, and more about the trajectory of this course and what we're seeing in common between these novels.
第二件我想说的事情是，不是关于写论文的，而是关于这门课的轨迹的,我们会在这些小说里看到一些共同点。
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So defamiliarization, against the backdrop of a kind of gray uniformity that Jakobson in his essay on byt "The Generation that Squandered its Poets" called "byt"-- I don't know how to pronounce that.
陌生化所针对的，灰色一致性,正如雅各布森在他的论文,浪费诗人的时代中提到的，称为-,我不知道这个词怎么发音。
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One is that he's just re-arranged an equation here and gotten both his PhD thesis and a Nobel Prize, but I think the more representative way to think about this is the real revolutionary idea that he put forth, which is that matter can actually behave as a wave.
一个是德布罗意仅仅,重新排列了一个方程,而且完成了博士论文并获得诺贝尔奖，但是我认为更具有代表性的观点,是他提出了实在的革命性的观点，那就是物质会有波的性质。
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but my students are 50% international and there's a lot of errors in the piece,
但我的学生50%都是国际生，论文里会有很多错误，
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And so my individual paper and my presentation was more on public universities and how they should respond to undocumented immigrants, and specifically whether they should offer them in-state tuition.
所以我的论文和报告,主要谈论的就是公立大学,如何对待那些无记录的移民，尤其是，他们是否,能够只付州内学费。
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