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Could I do more for the ultimate good of the slave population by holding or emancipating what I own?
我是否可以为奴隶的最终利益做的更多,是继续拥有他们,还是解放他们呢
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But I think it became, in most ways and in most definitions, a slave society surely by the 1820s or the 1830s.
我认为最主流的定义是,奴隶社会确实起源于,十九世纪二三十年代
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But if we wanna find that tradition of suffering in Christianity and our own country, I think the strongest place to find it is among the salves and their culture.
但是，当试图找到受苦的源头时,不论是基督教，还是在美国，我认为，最能代表它的,就是奴隶和奴隶文化。
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If you think about it, it means that I'm a slave, that I don't own myself.
仔细想想，这就意味着我是一个奴隶，我不是自己的主人。
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When I say manufacturing, you understand everything is done by hand, but you see things like shops that contain a number of slaves working for a master.
你应明白,我所说的制造业是指手工业,但也包括,若干奴隶为主人工作的作坊
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But how do we get to 1861 and that secession crisis with Alexander H. Stephens delivering this Cornerstone Speech, declaring that, "Hey folks, it's all about slavery and its preservation?"
但事情怎么会演变到1861年那样,乃至之后的分离危机,亚历山大为何能在这篇演讲中,宣称,"嘿,伙计们,今天我要讲的是奴隶制和对其保护"
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I mean, the equivalent of a healthy teenage male slave, if you could sell him for $1000.00 in 1860 it's about the same price of a good Toyota Camry today.
我的意思是,一个健康的十几岁的男性奴隶的价值,假如你在1860年把他卖到一千美金的话,那么在今天就大约相当于,一辆不错的丰田佳美汽车的价格
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But the five great slave societies were those five.
但五大奴隶社会还是我刚才提的那些
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But I want to give you at least some sense of the development of the pro-slavery argument, the kinds of arguments that were used, how they changed over time, who made the arguments.
但我至少想提供给你们一些,支持奴隶制方的论据,他们曾经用来论证的一些理由,是如何随着时间的推移而改变,又是谁提出了这些理由
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But if you want to reject it, you have to break in to this chain of reasoning which goes, taking my earnings is like taking my labor, but taking my labor is making me a slave.
但要想驳倒自由主义，你就得打破它的这个推理过程，强占我的收入，就是强迫劳动，强迫劳动，就是让我做奴隶。
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But the question is, in my present circumstances, with evil on my hands, entailed from my father, would the general interest of the slaves and community at large, with reference to the slaves, be promoted best by emancipation?
但问题是,在我目前的情况下,我已犯下如此罪行,我延续了父辈的罪恶,对于奴隶的问题,解放是否能够使,他们和全社会的整体利益得到提升呢
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One of the best descriptions I've ever read of why slavery persisted, of why people defended it, and why people went to war for it, came before the war, in 1857, in a speech by the African-American woman, novelist, writer, poet Frances Ellen Watkins Harper.
我曾读到的一段比较精彩的论述,关于为什么奴隶制度留存了下来,为什么人们为其辩护,为其而战,在1857年,战争前夕,在一个非裔美国女人的演讲中,她是小说家兼作家兼诗人,弗朗斯·伊莲·瓦特金·哈伯
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I mean, you should not imagine when I say slaves--just take out of your mind the plantations of the old South, because when you only have one or two slaves, the master is working right alongside them, doing exactly the same work that they are doing, and also instructing them and telling them what's what.
我的意思是,当我们提到奴隶的时候,大家不要想当然地联想到南部种植园,因为当你只有一两个奴隶时,奴隶主必须要和奴隶一起劳作,做着和奴隶一样的农活,并且不断告诉他们要做什么
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But what eventually evolved in the South and we will return to this a good deal next Tuesday when I'll devote an entire lecture to this kind of slaveholder worldview and the pro-slavery argument the pro-slavery defense and how that evolved into a political culture.
但南方特点究竟是如何形成的这个问题,下周二我们会细细讲,那时我将花整堂课的时间讲,奴隶主的世界观和其支持奴隶制的理由,他们对奴隶制的支持,和奴隶制是如何演变为一种政治文化的
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