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I want to make another, slightly more philosophical remark associated with this and it's to do with the idea of "Leadership."
第二条结论就是,我不妨说得稍带有些哲学的意味,这和领导力是紧密联系的
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I approach it the way a few other philosophers do in a way that is characteristic of conceptual analysis.
我研究电影的方法其他一些哲学家也在使用,这种方法,以概念分析为特点。
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I've always been told that any serious introduction to political philosophy has to start with a big piece of Plato.
我一向听说,任何严谨的政治哲学导论,都要从大量的引介柏拉图开始。
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Another book, which I haven't put on reserve yet but I'm going to, is by Peter Unger, who is a philosopher.
另一本书,虽然我还没有把它,列进参考书目,但是我要加上它,是彼得·昂格尔写的,他是个哲学家
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I say, that's all rather interesting from a metaphysical point of view, but speaking personally, I don't really care.
我会说，那很有趣,从纯哲学的角度而言，但就个人来说，我不在乎。
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He says, "I believe in the practice and philosophy of what we have agreed to call magic, in what I must call the evocation of spirits, though I do not know what they are."
他说我相信我们所称作的,关于魔法的实践和哲学，我认为那是对灵魂的召唤，尽管我并不知道它们是什么“
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But I enjoyed it when I finished it. And I was offered a scholarship to do some graduate work because I've done well at it. And it just got went on from there.
但是当我修完了哲学课，我觉得我很享受学习的过程,学校授予了我奖学金来做硕士的研究,因为我在哲学方面做得很好，从那时起，我走上了哲学的道路。
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And as a starting point there's a lovely quote from the psychologist and philosopher William James that I want to begin with.
作为开始,有一个可爱的引言,是心理学家和哲学家,威廉，詹姆斯说的,我想用它做开始。
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but I'd like to argue today that this is not just a philosophical question,this is a scientific question.
但我今天想说的是，这不仅仅是一个,哲学问题，它还是一个科学问题。
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Progress in the eyes of the philosophers of the eighteenth century, though they would have been very angry to hear me say this, was something like the equivalent of the Christian hope for immortality.
进步在十八世纪的哲学家眼中,尽管他们也许会对我的说法很不满,与基督教对永生的信仰类似
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My background is in psychology and philosophy.
我的背景是心理学和哲学。
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Now, it's not my purpose here to try to argue for or against Platonism with regard to abstract entities.
我的目的不是,试图去辩护或者反对,柏拉图哲学中的抽象实体这个概念
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but once I could see that ethics and political philosophy really could make a difference to the way we live our lives.
但是当我看到，伦理学和政治哲学,的确可以改变我们的生活方式时。
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And you'll be reading in 3 philosophical film makers a 78-page chapter on Orson Welles who is one of my great heroes.
你们要读奥逊·威尔斯的材料，那一章78页,里面会提到3个哲学电影制作人,威尔斯是我最崇拜的英雄。
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So when we ask, you remember last lecture I was talking about how to be somebody here lecturing to you, philosophy on Tuesday.
所以，你们记得上节课,我讨论过要如何给你们讲课的,上周二哲学课的时候。
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The superego, point to point, is not some brilliant moral philosopher telling you about right and wrong.
超我并不是一位能够教你明辨是非的,伟大的道德哲学家。
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Let me say, I am by no means convinced that the idea for the philosopher-king is an impossibility or is intended as a kind of absurdity.
我要声明，我决不采信,哲学家国王概念,不可能的说法,或说那是种荒谬的说法。
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My advice for our young philosopher, or for any young students is to think about the kind of life you want to live and how it can advance the values that are most important to you.
我建议这些年轻的哲学家们，也建议所有的大学生,来思考一下你真正希望的生活,想一想这种生活将如何深化,对你来说最重要的价值观。
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I would argue that there is a direct line from the Enlightenment philosophy to nihilism, that is to say a philosophy that says there are no limits to what human beings may do.
我得说启蒙哲学和虚无主义哲学,还是泾渭分明的,虚无主义者认为,人类的行为是没有限制的
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And a lot of it is already in those books but my hope is that our goal to the next book by transcending it through this common experience with you and already thinking in those terms.
很多书有讲这些哲学问题,但我希望通过和你们一起的经历,我们的下一本书,能够超过上一本书,这些都已经在前几个学期开始构思了。
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I was particularly interested in metaphysical poetry political philosophy -- I wrote my thesis on a radical political philosopher of the 17th century of the civil war period.
我尤其感兴趣的是玄学诗派,和政治哲学，我的毕业论文,就是有关一名激进的政治哲学家,他生活在内战的十八世纪。
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And I asked him what philosophy has to say about his death, his immediate death.
我问他哲学将怎样解释,他的离世。
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So the courses I took - -actually I took some English history obviously - I took no American history which would be the field I did in the PHD, but I took a lot of courses in philosophy, in literature.
所以我选了一些课程,当然我选修了英国历史-,但我没有学美国历史,因为那是我博士时的课程，但我选了很多哲学和文学方面的课程。
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Well, the thought, I suppose is, in philosopher's jargon, that the computer is a deterministic system.
对于这个观点,我认为,以哲学的语言可以表达为,电脑是个决定论的系统
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He'd think to himself I'm the very same person who was lecturing about philosophy last week.
他会以为,我和上星期上哲学课的人,是同一个人。
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And in typical philosophical fashion, I've drawn that story for you up here on the board.
从典型的哲学观点来看,我已经把整个过程画在了黑板上
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I never early thought of doing it as a career.
我从来都没有想过将哲学作为我的职业。
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So to use an analogy that I think that David Kaplan, a philosopher of UCLA offers you've to think it more like a bologna or salami that you can slice.
这里我用一个类比,我想是加州大学哲学家大卫提出的,你要想象成一条大腊肠或者香肠,你可以切分的。
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This class, as I say, is a philosophy class.
这节课，就像我说的，是节哲学课。
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