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By the way, in what I'm saying, I oversimplify by supposing that the basic unit of language is a word.
因为我想说的是，我们现在是把语言的基本单位简单化了。
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I think it, it's less now than it used to be like, you know, 50 years ago,
不过我想现在比过去少了，我是说，比50年前少了。
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I have a way to account for that, but it's going to take to the end of my argument to do that, so I'm going to argue that that's significant, but I'm not going to talk about why it's significant yet.
我对那有自己的理解，但是我在最后才会告诉你们，我要跟你们说，那点的意义是非常重大的，但我现在还不能谈论它的重大意义。
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Now, one of things I left hanging is, I said, OK, you build it out of primitives.
现在，我落下的一件事情是，我说过了，好的，你在原始数字之外建造它。
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And, as I reminded you at the end of last day, the only reason I am doing this for you right now is I want to elucidate the principles.
就像我上次课的最后跟你们说过的那样，我现在给你们讲这些,仅仅是我想把原理阐释清楚。
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I mean some of you may want to say look the person lecturing to you now has at least a fair bit of his hair. He's got a beard.
我的意思是你们可能有人会说,现在讲课的人至少,还有点头发，有胡子。
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These are sort of flailing away at different ideas but another way of doing--an older way is proposed by Plato, who viewed laughter as a form of bonding against a common enemy.
我现在说的都是各种猜想,但从另一个角度看，一个古老的角度,这是由柏拉图提出的，他认为笑是一种巩固感情的形式,对抗共同的敌人。
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So, I want to turn now to the way in which this way of thinking had an impact on the future, and of course I'm speaking about the future of Western civilization which was the heir to this tradition.
所以,我现在想说的是,这样的思考方式对之后的历史有着重大影响,当然,我所说的之后的历史,是对西方文明而言的,因为西方文明继承了这个传统
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Nevertheless, to secure the distinction in actual practice, to say, "Okay. This is the meaning and now this is how I'm going to make it significant" -well, it seems unlikely indeed that this is something anyone could ever accomplish.
然而，若在实际操作中,你试着去体现这个区别，你会说，好的，这是意思,现在我来将它变成意义“,可是，实际上似乎谁都,无法完成这个任务。
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I mean, there are so many reality television shows these days
我是说，现在电视上都充斥着真人秀节目。
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So, as I said, we're finishing up with what we left off with yesterday - or excuse me, on Wednesday.
就像我说过的，我们现在要把昨天,不好意思，是周三没讲完的部分讲完。
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Right now in pointing to a locomotive I'm picking out not just locomotive.
现在我指着火车头,我不仅仅是说火车头。
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To suggest that that couldn't be relevant evidence is like saying I can't tell you anything interesting about what's going on in the hallway right now, because after all I'm not in the hallway; I'm here in the lecture hall.
要说这些都是不相干的经验,就好比说我现在不能告诉你,走廊上发生了什么,毕竟我不在走廊上,我在教室里面
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So, I think this is what Pynchon brings to the string of meditations on what language can do, and what the novel is for, that I began my lecture today with, just recapping for you.
我认为这就是Pynchon带来的对语言,能够做什么和这本书是为了什么的思考,我在今天的开始就说过，现在再提一下。
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Right now it's a simple template, but it's a template for creating what a class looks like, and I now have an x- and y- value associated with each instance of this.
那么大家明白了为什么，我说类是一个模板了，对不对？,现在它只是一个简单的模板，但是它是一个用来-,创建形成一个类的模板。
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At the end of last class I suggested that from here on I'm going to be assuming that there's no soul.
上一节课的最后,我说了从现在开始,我假定灵魂是不存在的。
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You're now in the experimental group and I say, "Please wait here.
你现在是实验小组的一员，我说，“请稍等。
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Different quote. "Kagan is a self-righteous little man" Now I've got to tell you, that bit about being little, that really hurts.
不同的例证，“卡刚是一个自私的小人“,现在我必须告诉你们，说我小人的那句话，那真的很伤人。
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Shelly Kagan Here,right now I'm standing in front of you saying I'm Shelly Kagan, the guy who was lecturing to you last week.
现在我站在你们面前说我是，上周给你们上课的那个人。
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