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There's the water phase, there's the ice cube is the solid phase, and there's some water, gas, vapor, and that's one bar.
里面放一块冰，这是固态；,于是我们得到了水，冰和水蒸气三态共存的点。
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So we have like a lot of different products to like, help protect your hair from the sun and water
所以我们有很多产品来，比如，帮助保护头发不受阳光和水的伤害，
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If we take hydrogen peroxide in the liquid state, it can break down to form water and oxygen.
如果我们有一些液态的过氧化氢，它会分解成水和氧气。
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I'll talk today about protein and then next week, or next class, we'll talk in more detail about carbohydrate and fat.
我们会在今天讨论蛋白质,下节课进一步解释碳水化合物和脂肪
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But, let's take a look and see about water.
让我们看看水分子。
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And that's all that's big enough to pass through or small enough to pass through. And if we go up even just one row on the periodic table to potassium, what we actually see is now that it's going to be too large, and, in fact, a potassium solvated with one water molecule won't go through our channel.
就是这样刚好大到它通过,或者说刚好小到它通过,即使我们再沿着周期表往下走仅仅一行到钾离子，我们看到的就将是它的个头太大了，实际上，溶解于一个水分子的单个钾离子,不能穿过我们的通道。
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If we think about the drinks industry more generally here, rather than just beer, this would be Guinness, this would be Poland Spring, This is water and everything else would be in between here.
如果我们把啤酒业想得更普遍点,不仅仅只有啤酒,这可能是吉尼斯,这可能是波兰泉水,这是水而其他的产品分布在中间
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We take in a lot of food and water everyday, every year, and yet most of us our weight stays remarkably stable over that period of time for adults despite how much we eat and how much we drink.
日复一日年复一年,我们都摄入大量的食物和水,但我们绝大部分人的体重,在成年期都保持得很稳定,不管我们怎样大吃大喝
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But the story as it stands reiterates a motif that we've seen before: that of the threatened destruction of God's creation, or God's people by chaotic waters, and of divine salvation from that threat.
但是这段故事不断的重读我们前面见到过的一个主题：,上帝子民被汹涌的水所威胁,人们不断从那些威胁中的到拯救。
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So as I said, we'll talk about protein this week a little bit, and then fats and carbs next week.
我说过,我们这周会讨论蛋白质,下周是脂肪和碳水化合物
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Our temperature probably fluctuates during the day a little bit anyways, it's not very accurate. And similarly, the boiling point, defining that at a 100 degrees Celsius well that depends on the pressure.
这就不太精确,我们的体温一天之中，会有高低的变化，这一定义不够精确,类似的,我们把水的沸点定义为。
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The reference points are water freezing or boiling, and the interpolation is linear and then that morphed into the Kelvin scale as we're going to see later.
参考点是水的冰点和沸点,插值是线性的,随后它被发展成为开氏温标,我们之后会看到。
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And the triple point of water is 16K that temperature and pressure - there's a unique temperature and pressure where water exists in equilibrium between the liquid phase, the vapor phase, and the solid phase.
与水的三相点,我们定义它为273。,水的三相点,是一个特定的温度和压强,可以使水的液态，气态和固态三相共同达到平衡，三相点是液态。
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Today we're going to talk about the two big ones that people are usually concerned with: carbohydrates and fat.
今天我们将讨论人们关心的两个大问题,碳水化合物和脂肪
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Our relationship with water has changed a lot too and a lot of that is due to marketing.
我们和水的关系也改变了很多,这都是拜市场化所赐
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Let's start with carbohydrates. Sugars, in other words.
我们从碳水化合物,即糖类开始
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But we've been so completely socialized into thinking two things: one is that we need water with us all the time; and second we have to buy it.
但如今我们都对以下两个观念习以为常了,第一是我们每时每刻都需要水,第二是我们要花钱买水
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Let's take a look at water.
让我们看看水分子。
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They would bomb it, they would burn it, they would put it in this container inside water, and see how high the water temperature raises and that would give you a sense of the number of calories that it has.
研究人员会燃烧它,放入浸在水里的量热器,然后观察水温上升了多少,我们就对这种食物热量有所了解了
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Well what you do is you bomb the food and you use something called the bomb calorimeter that looks like this, and so essentially what you do is you put the food in this device that sits inside water.
我们要做的是燃烧食物,使用一种叫弹式量热器的工具,像这样,把食物放入这种仪器中,仪器会浸入水里
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Well a calorie technically--and this is again, not something that we would ever quiz you on but I just thought you might be interested to know-- that it's the energy required to raise one gram of water one degree centigrade, and we'll talk in a minute about you might go about measuring that.
理论上一卡路里,我重复下,这不是考试内容,但我想你们会感兴趣,一卡路里,是将一克水提升1℃所需要的热量,过会儿我们会讲如何测量
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So, instead of having the periodic variation of water, or the periodic variation of air density here we're talking about an electric field.
不像水或者空气密度的,周期变化，我们这里,讨论的是电场。
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So basically, we're stuck with this verbal agreement and we both have an incentive to cheat and produce more whatever it is, sugar water.
但不管怎样,在这个口头协议不起作用,我们都有违约,生产更多这种糖水的动机
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We talked last time about extracellular matrix and this complex protein-carbohydrate gel that surrounds all cells.
我们上次谈到过的细胞外基质,是一种蛋白和碳水化合物的复合物胶冻,它环绕在细胞周围
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Water has some pretty unique properties, which we'll deal with a little bit later.
水有很多独特的性质，其中有许多我们到很晚才开始对它进行研究。
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So let's think about water here as our simplest example with oxygen.
让我们讨论,对于氧来说最简单的例子-水。
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You could think of these as two companies producing bottled water and now we're going to get hundreds of letters saying not all bottled waters are the same, especially from Italians and the French, but never mind. Let's just pretend that they are.
把他们想象成两家瓶装水厂商吧,我估计我们会收到数百封信件,告诉我说不是所有瓶装水都是一样的,尤其是从意大利和法国寄过来的那些,无所谓了,就把它们想象成是同质的吧
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