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So, we can actually kind of visualize what we would see if we were looking at a photoelectron spectrum.
实际上,我们可以在一定程度上想象出,我们在光电子谱上可以看到什么。
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We can talk about the wave function squared, the probability density, or we can talk about the radial probability distribution.
我们可以讨论它,波函数的平方，概率密度，或者可以考虑它的径向概率分布。
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It allows you to define the concept of a thermometer. You have three objects, one of them could be a thermometer.
从热的物体流向冷的物体,由此我们可以定义温度，我们还可以用它来定义温度计：
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We have the capacity to think morally, we have the capacity to act morally, and to be altruistic or benevolent.
我们能够以道德的方式思考，我们也能够做有道德的事，我们可以无私奉献，可以乐善好施。
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You can adjust those grades, let's leave it until next week and we can take it at a leisurely pace.
你可以更正你的成绩，让我们一直延续到下周,我们可以在一个休闲的地方。
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Before long we'll see that you can actually put things inside those parentheses which make your programs even more useful.
不久之后，你们就可以看到，我们是可以在括号里面加参数的,这些参数可以让你的程序更有用。
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We can think about these things; our mind can grasp them, but they're not to be found in this world.
我们可以思考这些东西,我们的心灵可以感受它们,但是在现实世界中我们找不到
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You don't see strings with commas between them, but it has the same kind of property. It is in ordered sequence of characters.
它是有序的字符序列,我们可以对字符串做同样的操作,我们也可以得到字符串中的一块。
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You could take that as good news or bad news but the spotlight is not on us as much as we think it is.
你可以这把当成好消息，也可以当成坏消息,但聚光灯并不像我们想的那样，总是照在我们身上。
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It is a system of signs, in other words, that we can make use of, that we recognize as signs precisely because they exist among us as something that can be shared in common.
它是一套符号，我们可以利用，我们可以清楚地辨明这些符号，它们无处不在,是我们大家共同分享的。
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And we think the brain activation, we can use that to predict financial choice, but beyond that, we can actually use it in some symptom profiles in mental disorders.
我们认为，我们可以通过大脑活动，来预测金融决策，但不仅如此，我们还可以用它来监测精神疾病的病情。
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You can put a variable there, and because it's not encapsulated in curly braces, as we just discussed, that essentially means it's accessible everywhere in that file.
你可以加入一个变量，因为它不是封装在花括号里，就像我们刚才讨论的，本质的意思是它可以在文件的所有地方,都可以被访问到。
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So, what we can do instead of talking about the ionization energy, z because that's one of our known quantities, so that we can find z effective.
我们做的事可以代替讨论电离能,因为那是我们知道的量子数之一，那是我们可以解出有效的，如果我们重新排列这个方程。
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So now that we begin to have this ability to express strings in memory, to understand what they are, we can start to apply actually real-world algorithms to them.
现在我们开始用这个技能来在内存中表达字符串,来理解它们是什么，我们可以开始,我们可以对其使用实际的，现实生活中的算法。
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So, this is just one example of how these properties can already, even our understanding just talking about single atoms, can already make an impact in these biological systems.
这只是一个例子，通过它我们可以看到，尽管我们仅仅讲到了单个原子，但我们现在已经可以用它的性质来理解一些生物系统。
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But to find a common denominator where we can all talk, where we don't find ourselves divided by religion or culture anymore, because we've got down something so essential.
我们所找的共通之处可以使我们彼此交流，让我们发现我们,不再被宗教与文化分隔开来，因为我们已经获得了最本质的东西。
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Now here's a question that we can still ask, at least it looks as though we can still ask it.
现在我们仍然可以继续讨论,至少看起来我们可以继续探讨
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So, I think we are capable of, with the kind of assistance of my staff capable of setting exams of comparable difficulty.
所以，我们可以，在教学人员的帮助下，我们可以,制定出难度相当的考题。
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Great. So now we have this ideal gas thermometer, and out of this ideal gas thermometer, also comes out the ideal gas law.
好，现在我们有了理想气体温度计,由此还可以引出理想气体定律，我们可以得到这条，插值出的直线的斜率。
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Things like addition and multiplication, which we saw not only apply to numbers, but we can use them on things like strings and we're going to come back to them again.
就像加法和乘法，我们已经学习过，它们不仅仅可以应用于数字，还可以用到字符串上,我们今天还会再讲讲。
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It's inside the memory of the machine, which means we have access to it, we can change it, we can use it to build new pieces of code, as well as we can interpret it.
它在机器的存储器里面，就是说我们可以进入它，改变它，可以用它来编写新代码，当然也可以翻译它。
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But essentially the only reason there was any way that that was an effective approach was because people basically realize "Oh this is a good idea and we agree with that as a culture."
但是，归根结底，这种方式之所以,能够取得成功，是因为,人们意识到,“哦，这挺好的，我们的文化可以接受它“,“哦，这挺好的，我们的文化可以接受它“
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As we go across the row what happens is that the ionization energy actually increases, and we can think about logically why it is that that's happening.
当我们沿着行,向右走的时候，可以发现电离能是逐渐升高的,我们可以从逻辑上思考一下为什么会这样。
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And there's a few things going on here, so clearly there is multiple sprite, multiple characters, and recall from last week that each sprite has its own set of strips or programs.
我们可以看到许多东西，譬如，很明显我们可以看到有许多小精灵，许多字符，想想上周，每个精灵还自有一套,程序。
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- And we can think about why -- essentially we have fluorine and now we're adding another electron. So you can picture that fluorine is going to get larger in this case And that would be true for all of the negatively charged ions.
我们可以想一想这是为什么-,本质上来讲我们现在给氟原子加上了,另外一个电子,因此大家可以想象在这种情况下氟将变大,而且这对于其它负离子也是成立的。
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Well, the reason, the way that we can check it is just to see if it's in between our two extreme 1 cases. We know that it has to be more than 1, because even if we had total shielding, 1 we would at least feel is the effective of 1.
好的我们可以检查它的原因和方式是观察,它是否在我们的两种极端案例之间,我们知道它必须大于，因为即使如果我们有完全的屏蔽，我们最小感到的有效值是。
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So if we can figure out the binding energy, we can also figure out how much energy we have to put into our atom in order to a eject or ionize an electron.
所以如果我们可以计算出结合能，我们也可以计算出,我们需要注入多少能量到原子中,去逐出或电离一个电子。
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So now that we can do this, we can compare and think about, we know how to consider wave functions for individual electrons in multi-electron atoms using those Hartree orbitals or the one electron wave approximations.
现在我们可以做这些了，我们可以对比和考虑，我们知道如何用哈特里轨道,或者单电子波近似去考虑,多电子原子中的单个电子波函数,所以对于我们研究了。
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So if we think about the work function for zinc, and the work function for zinc is 6.9 times 10 to the -19 joules, do we expect that when we shine our UV light on the zinc, we'll be able to eject electrons?
如果我们考虑锌的功函数,它是6，9乘以10的-19次方焦耳，我们是否可以预测当,用紫外灯照射锌时，我们可以射出电子呢？
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And when we talked about that, what we found was that we could actually validate our predicted binding energies by looking at the emission spectra of the hydrogen atom, which is what we did as the demo, or we could think about the absorption spectra as well.
当我们讨论它时，我们发现,我们可以通过,观察氢原子,发射光谱，来预测，结合能，就像我们在演示实验里做的那样，或者我们也可以观察吸收谱。
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