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Right? Never mind the extent to which the language is connected to a world of which one is attempting to make sense.
我们都试图理解这个世界,语言则与这个世界息息相关,即使略去这一点不谈。
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And some of them might be spinning clockwise, in which case, according to the right-hand rule we would consider them spin-down.
而另一些电子则是在顺时针自旋，在这种情况下，根据右手定理,我们会以为它是在向下转。
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Well if I-- you know, with let me say it differently. I don't need to worry about how checking is done, it's handled inside of that function.
好，如果你们知道，抱歉，让我们换种说法,我不必担心检查工作,是则会么做的，这是在方法体内部进行的。
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And the family of arguments that we're considering initially are arguments that get known as inference or inferences to the best explanation.
我们首先会想到的一类,则是那种,被称作推理的论证,或叫做,最佳解释推理
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Women tend to distribute the fat in the lower part of the body, below the waist, in what's called a pear shape.
女性则趋向把脂肪储存在下半身,在腰部以下,也就是我们通常所说的梨形身材
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Some folks say to them in response, "but you know what, you, in your father's generation and mother's generation were at the table when this was drafted."
西方国家的一些人则回应说，“可是，你知道吗，你的父辈们是和我们坐在同一张桌子上,起草这个人权法的“
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If we injected it into a muscle let's say, and your muscle cells took up this plasmid.
比如说,如果我们将其注射入肌肉内,则肌肉细胞就可以吸收这些质粒
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Student: Are you going to talk at all about sort of how the decisions were made to what documents to include or what documents to exclude?
学生：我们会不会讨论,为什么有些书卷被收入新约,而有些则没有？
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Rather than the military's power that does nothing but focuses on where is the next war.
军事力量则不同,除了带给我们下一场战争，什么也办不到。
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Instead, it turns out that there are certain phobias that we're specially evolved to have.
相反，我们所拥有的某些恐怖症,则是进化而来的。
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The present value is equal to-- remember it starts one year from now under assumption-- we could do it differently but I'm assuming one year now.
则现值就等于,记住它从现在开始起一年一年的支付,只是个假设,我们能做不同的假设,但现在我就假设成一年
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We could have assumed that all they really care about is winning and that winning gave them a high payoff and that losing gave them nothing.
我们假设,他们真的非常想获胜,获胜会带给他们巨大的收益,失败则一无所获
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The second area that we've looked is in a context of mental health, which one can reframe as chronic biases and some of these components are going to decision making.
我们观察的第二个区域则负责人的心理健康，这一区域在长期偏好,以及类似成分对决策作出影响时发生重组。
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So if Aristotle's political science is an education for statesmanship you might say ? what are its methods? What are its distinctive ? methods? How do we educate a statesman?
所以，如果亚里士多德的政治科学,是一种领袖风范的教育,则我们要问其方法为何,其特殊的方法为何？
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What's happened actually if we base it in the last 25 years since the early '80s We've just had two recessions and they've been very mild by historical standards and...two--now three long expansions in between.
实际上是什么情况呢,80年代初期以来，这25年当中,我们只经历过两次经济衰退,而且在历史上算是相对轻微的,其间则是两，三次长时间的经济增长。
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My roommate for many years was going to medical school as I was going to graduate school, and we found we had so many interesting conversations about chemistry -- her from the context of practicing and using medications and talking about how they worked on a molecular level, and me talking about my research.
让你们读医学预科的人都转行,我多年的室友在我去读研究生的时候，去了医学院,我发现我们对于化学有过很多有趣的交谈,她会说如何应用药物,如何在分子层面上让它们工作，我则说关于我的研究。
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So, if we're going to go to the moon, we're going to go to Mars,we want to be able to produce oxygen, structural metals and photovoltaic materials from in situ resources.
如果我们要去月球上，我们要去火星上，我们则必须要制造,氧气，结构金属和光电材料,就在原地制造。
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So this is very similar, this is a kind of recursive thinking we talked about earlier, where we take our problem and we make it smaller we solve a smaller problem, et cetera.
我们则跳过比猜想数小的那个区间,然后我们重复这一过程,跟之前我们讲过的，递归思想非常类似,我们解决问题的时候,先把问题一步步变小，然后解决小问题。
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You continue to stick around, ... and then your life has this feeling of-- ... at least we can imagine this happening-- being sort of anticlimactic.
你还继续活在世上，但是你的生活则变得有点-,至少我们可以想象会有这样的事-,你的生活变得有点虎头蛇尾。
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With the United States quite isolated, not reaching out to Canada and Mexico, which is one thing we need to be doing for energy and economic reasons.
而美国则被孤立了，不和加拿大，墨西哥打交道，事实上这是我们现在该做的,为了能源问题和经济发展。
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so given that we chose an odd number of people in the row, if exactly one candidate stands and that candidate is the center candidate, then that's an equilibrium.
假若我们选中行的人数为奇数,如果确实只有一个候选人参选且,那个候选人就是在中间,则那是个均衡
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If we want to add that asset to the portfolio, what it does is it produces an efficient portfolio frontier that is now a straight line; I show that on the diagram.
如果我们将其加入到投资组合中去，则会生成一条资产组合的有效边界,即一条直线;,我在图里把它画出来了。
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Once those studies were done, some very interesting differences started to show up along gender lines, and then other investigators started to look at race differences, and then you find things like this that are very interesting.
从研究结果中可以发现,一些很有趣的性别之间差异,另外一些研究者则开始研究种族差异,然后我们就得到了,像这幅图所展示的有趣的结果
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We have to not talk-- just talk about the good things in the life, but the good of life itself, and we have to notice that perhaps on certain views, for certain cases, it's not really the case that when I die I'm being deprived of a good life.
我们不但要看到-,生活中的美好事物，还要看到活着本身的好处，我们发现也许有某些观点，在某些情况下，情况则不完全是这样,即我死之后不会被剥夺美好的生活。
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We tend to look at human behavior as a matter of providing rational incentives for human action while most people, in fact, are driven by a need for esteem and a desire to avoid humiliation.
通常，我们倾向于以理性地分析其动机为标准,来看待人的行为是否正确合理,而其他人则是以赢得自尊和避免羞辱为标准,来判断一个人的行为是否合理。
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Typically up till now, we've looked at things that can be done in sublinear time. Or, at worst, polynomial time. We'll now look at a problem that does not fall into that. And we'll start with what's called the continuous knapsack problem.
至今为止我们已经处理过,亚线性问题，最多也就是多项式问题,我们现在要看的问题则是不能用这些解决的,我们将要开始讲连续背包问题。
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It's important--that's one reason why we want policies that encourage equality of incomes-- not necessarily equality, but reasonable equality-- because the people with very low wealth have a very high marginal utility of income and people with very high wealth have very little.
这非常重要,我们需要通过政策,来引导收入公平的一个原因就是这个,不是绝对的平等,是相对的平等,因为那些低收入的人群,对收出的边际效应相当的高,而高收入人群的则小得多
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We know from last time that you should not choose a dominated strategy, and we also know we probably aren't going to choose a weakly dominated strategy, and we also know that you should put yourself in other people's shoes and figure out that they're not going to play strongly or strictly or weakly dominated strategies.
上节课我们学到了,不要采用劣势策略,然后今天我们学到了,我们有时可能不会选择弱劣势策略,我们还学会了站在别人立场上思考,然后推测出他们不会选择,严格劣势策略或弱劣势则略
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